Circuit Dynamics of Structuring Episodic Memories in Humans - Project summary
Our lives unfold over time, weaving rich, dynamic, and multisensory information into a continuous experience.
However, we remember this as a series of discrete events. For example, the memory of a two-hour movie
consists of a few memorable moments tied to the main story. During encoding, we segment deviant events and
associate relevant events. During retrieval, we utilize the temporal association among encoded events to search
for specific memory information. The hippocampus (HPC), prefrontal cortex (PFC) and substantia nigra (SN) are
thought to support cognitive computations (i.e., conceptual prediction, prediction error detection, temporal
association) that are critical for the encoding and retrieval of episodic memory. However, how these three regions
work together to facilitate the construction of episodic memory in humans remains unclear. The proposed study
aims to address this by identifying neural dynamics in the HPC-PFC-SN network and revealing circuit-level neural
mechanisms of event segmentation and its relationship with human episodic memory.
The central hypothesis is that event segmentation, which is influential in episodic memory formation and retrieval,
emerges from the difference between the HPC perceptual predictions and received sensory inputs, which is
tracked by dopaminergic neurons in the SN to update event models stored in the PFC. To test this, I will record
both single neuron activity and local field potential signals in the HPC-PFC-SN network while patients, who have
depth electrodes implanted for clinical purposes, encode, and retrieve the memory of semi-realistic experience
created by well-controlled video clips. I will also build a computational model that can rigorously reproduce the
observed behavioral and neural signatures. The trained model will be used as a proxy of the HPC-PFC-SN
network to study the causal link between this tripartite network and memory behaviors by simulating
computational “lesions”, which will provide insightful guidance for real electrical stimulation.
To achieve the proposed goals, I will pursue training mentored by a group of experts in different fields, including
the intraoperative recordings (Dr. Ziv Williams and Dr. Adam Mamelak), analyses of inter-regional neural
dynamics and electrical stimulation (Dr. Ueli Rutishauser), and computational modeling (Dr. Gabriel Kreiman).
The comprehensive analytic approaches spinning from behavior measurements, invasive neural recordings from
both microscopic and mesoscopic levels, computational modeling and electrical stimulation will provide valuable
opportunities to strengthen our understanding of human episodic memory system. The expected outcomes of
this proposal will potentially advance the development of therapeutic interventions for memory-related disorders.
