PROJECT SUMMARY
Joint replacement is one of the most demanding of all the implant applications in our body. The most
commonly used artificial joints are total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR), with over
285,000 THR surgeries performed every year in the USA. A variety of polymers, such as ultra high molecular
weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), and high density polyethylene (HDPE) have
been used for THR and TKR prostheses. Although there are many advantages, polymers may absorb liquid,
which becomes a major issue in the lubricated environment of the joints. The wetting of the polymer surface
due to lubrication can reduce the wear initially; however, in the long run, it may deteriorate the mechanical
properties and increase the wear rate significantly. The wear debris can incorporate into the surrounding
tissues, and can cause tissue irritation and inflammation, leading to bone resorption, bone loss, implant
loosening, and fracture of bone. The short lifespan of implants necessitates revision surgery, which is more
expensive, has lower success rates, and may induce additional tissue damage. Therefore, the long-term
mechanical and tribological behaviors of polymers under extended exposure to lubricated environment are
major concerns in TJR (total joint replacement) prostheses. The overarching goal of this project is to increase
the longevity of TJR prostheses, specifically THR and TKR, by improving the long-term mechanical and
tribological behaviors of polymers. It is hypothesized that increasing the hydrophobic properties of a polymer
can improve its long-term mechanical and tribological behaviors in a lubricated environment. To improve the
hydrophobic properties, micro-texture will be applied on the polymer surface. Surface texture can be formed as
micro-pit (cavity or dimple) or micro-pillar (protrusion). An array of dimples can improve the tribological
performance by acting as lubricant reservoirs; however, it can deteriorate the long-term mechanical and
tribological performances of a polymer due to wetting of the surface for an extended period of time. Protruding
micro-texture has shown to improve the hydrophobic properties of polymers significantly. However, such
surface textures are highly prone to wear and abrasion. The specific aims of the proposed project are to: 1)
establish relationship between surface texture and hydrophobic properties of polymers; 2) study the effect of
hydrophobicity on long-term mechanical behavior in various environmental conditions; 3) investigate the
relationship between surface texture and tribological performance of polymers under various lubricated
conditions; 4) analyze the contact mechanics of textured surfaces using numerical modeling; and 5) design
optimum surface texture for polymers to improve hydrophobicity, and long-term mechanical and tribological
performances in various lubricated environments. The proposed project will enhance the research capabilities
of the PI and his institution, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, which is a Hispanic serving institution. The
project will also encourage the underrepresented students to pursue career in the biomedical field.
