High Resolution Mapping of Air Pollutants Using Rideshare and Other Vehicles - Project Summary
The work we are proposing has the potential to greatly enhance our capability to assess human exposures to
harmful air pollutants. We propose to develop and field test a robust cartop air pollution monitoring package for mounting
on vehicles of opportunity such as rideshare (e.g., Uber, Lyft) delivery vehicles (e.g., FedEx, UPS, USPS) and public
transportation (e.g., buses, trams). Our approach of using relatively inexpensive air pollutant sensors in the monitoring
package, combined with drive-by calibrations of these sensors at fixed stations having more sophisticated air monitoring
instruments, optimizes the precision and accuracy of the sensor measurements while—very importantly—providing an
economical path for eventual widespread use. This approach would enable a new paradigm for air pollution monitoring
that produces high-resolution mapping of air pollutants within cities, towns, and rural areas with the spatial and temporal
resolution needed for determining actual exposures of individuals to specific air pollutants. This new capability would
overcome the limitations of the current air pollution monitoring network, which uses relatively sparse fixed-base
measurement stations that are located so as to provide average concentrations that are useful for determining compliance
with EPA air quality standards, but cannot provide the detail needed for human exposure assessment. In this work we
will develop a compact, easy-to-install enclosure that will mount on the rooftops of vehicles. The enclosure will house the
Personal Air Monitor (PAM) we developed in a previous NIH/NIEHS grant. The PAM makes use of low-cost, low-power
sensors that we have evaluated as the most robust on the market today for measuring the air pollutants CO, CO2 and
particulates (PM1 and PM2.5). We propose new innovations, for which we have recently filed provisional patent
applications, for weatherproofing and powering the PAM in the enclosure while causing minimal inconvenience for the
vehicle driver. We will collaborate with the Denver City and County Department of Public Health and Environment to field
test the use of the air monitoring package on 5 service vehicles over a period of 3 months. Data from the field test will be
transmitted via an LTE module for cellular uploading to a public database. We will analyze the results to evaluate: (1) the
robustness of the cartop enclosure during routine extended use and in weather events; (2) performance of the sensors;
(3) the effectiveness of the drive-by calibration protocol; (4) the quality of the data obtained; and (5) the ability of non-
specialists to follow the procedures and use the rooftop air monitoring system effectively. The proposed work addresses
health needs of the U.S., where 43% of the population resides in counties that have unhealthy levels of one or more air
pollutants; globally, 4.2 million premature deaths per year are linked to ambient air pollution. Continuous monitoring by
hundreds of vehicles within a city would allow creation of real-time air pollution maps that would be extremely useful for
identifying major sources of air pollutants and for traffic planning to minimize air pollution. This is particularly important
from the environmental justice standpoint in that low-income families tend to live near air pollution sources.
