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The function of germ granule processes that maintain pluripotency in the C. elegans germline

Award Number: R35GM152109
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 01/01/2024
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 12/31/2028

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The function of germ granule processes that maintain pluripotency in the C. elegans germline - Project Summary The pluripotent potential of a cell is generally assumed to be a product of its nucleus, regulated by gene expression and chromatin state. This view informs most approaches to drug discovery, where an ideal therapeutic would target nuclear processes to induce pluripotency and proliferation to heal a wound or inhibit pluripotency and proliferation in cancer. Often overlooked are somatic cell nuclear transfer experiments that definitively show cellular potential is also a product of the cytoplasm, specifically, the cytoplasm of germ cells. The long-term objectives of this research are to understand how cellular pluripotency and regenerative capacity are retained in germ cells through their specialized cytoplasm. We expect these findings to inform and expand approaches to drug discovery and lead to therapeutics that function by targeting the cytoplasmic milieu. Cytoplasmic processes unique to germ cells often occur in protein/RNA assemblies that reside on or near the nuclear periphery. These assemblies are collectively called germ granules. Because core germ-granule composition is conserved from nematodes to humans, we can use C. elegans nematodes to visualize germ granules in vivo and to expedite studies into their function. Mutations that displace or severely disrupt germ granules in C. elegans cause sterility and germline-to-somatic reprogramming. In this proposal, we look at the earliest events of somatic reprogramming to determine how processes within germ granules antagonize this fate. We investigate the contribution of glycine-rich repeat motifs to the specialized germ-granule microenvironment. We then describe two novel interactions with a core germ-granule protein called GLH-1 (DDX4 in humans). One of these interactions with GLH-1 likely facilitates the hand-off of mRNAs from germ granules to initiate translation. The other is a dynamic interaction with GLH-1 that activates a conserved cellular pathway to trigger engulfment by surrounding soma. Lastly, we follow up on another core germ-granule protein that we named LOTR-1 (TDRD5/7 in humans) and its LOTUS-domain-dependent interaction with a 3’UTR binding complex. Together, these findings will provide an understanding of cytoplasmic processes within germ granules that ensure the pluripotent potential of germ cells.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $373,500 )
2025	2025	THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY	159 OLD BAR HARBOR RD	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	HANCOCK	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	001	2	12/12/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$373,500
2025	2024	THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY	159 OLD BAR HARBOR RD	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	HANCOCK	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	1	11/12/2024	NEW	$0
														Subtotal = $373,500

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $350,460 )
2024	2024	THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY	159 OLD BAR HARBOR RD	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	HANCOCK	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	001	1	8/27/2024	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$18,460
2024	2024	THE MOUNT DESERT ISLAND BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY	159 OLD BAR HARBOR RD	BAR HARBOR	ME	04609	HANCOCK	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	1	12/15/2023	NEW	$332,000
														Subtotal = $350,460

Grand Total All Awards = $723,960

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The function of germ granule processes that maintain pluripotency in the C. elegans germline

Award Number: R35GM152109

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 01/01/2024

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 12/31/2028

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