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Defining DNA resection and protein localization changes that occur during DSB repair

Award Number: R35GM142975
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 08/12/2021
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 05/31/2026

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Defining DNA resection and protein localization changes that occur during DSB repair - DNA double strand break (DSB) repair pathways resolve DNA lesions that arise during cellular metabolism or as the by-product of cell damage. Human DSB repair pathways fall into two distinct categories: end joining (EJ) pathways that rejoin the DSB molecule, and homology directed repair (HDR) pathways that use a template molecule to repair the DSB molecule. The factors that cells use to decide between EJ and HDR repair pathways remain incompletely defined. Many studies have shown that the cell cycle regulates DSB pathway choice, yet cultures arrested at points in the cell cycle that favor HDR still repair the majority of DSBs using EJ. The long-term goal of the research in my lab is to comprehensively define factors that bias DSB repair in sufficient detail that we can predict DSB repair outcomes based on the initial conditions inside a cell. Pursuit of this goal will improve our understanding of DNA repair and related processes, enable new generations of gene editing reagents with greatly increased efficacy, and suggest new strategies to diagnose and treat human DNA repair pathologies, including cancer and aging. Over the next five years, we will develop a holistic model for DSB repair that describes DNA repair events occurring on the DSB and template molecules. Our goals in generating this model are to define the irreversible commitment step between EJ/HDR and to understand if cells sense their capacity to perform HDR before they pass commitment. These are important challenges for the cell, because inappropriate HDR can cause cell death or genomic instability. We hypothesize that cells have the heretofore unmeasured ability to develop DSB repair complexes in parallel, and that parallel maturation of DSB repair complexes plays a role both in the EJ/HDR commitment and as a checkpoint for these repair pathways. Parallel development of EJ and HDR complexes either on the DSB molecule or split between the DSB and template molecule would allow cells to simultaneously develop different types of repair before committing to one or the other. The ability to generate mature repair complexes prior to commitment would make DNA repair substantially less risky. Our practical approach is to develop genomic and proteomic techniques that allow us to measure DSB repair intermediates with unprecedented temporal and spatial resolution. We will use these techniques to define how protein complexes associate with chromatin over time and, crucially, the strandedness of DNA bound to DSB repair proteins. Measuring this latter parameter will allow us to determine when events occur in relation to the EJ/HDR decision and thus understand when and how this decision is made. We also explore mechanisms of communication between multiple DSB repair complexes assembled in parallel onto chromatin. Parallel events are especially informative because they indicate a dynamic system in which cells simultaneously explore multiple DSB repair pathways, thereby preserving choice until repair is nearly complete. For example, events on the template molecule may act as a checkpoint for events on the DSB molecule, or vice versa. This work will enable new tools that leverage our understanding of DSB repair to influence gene editing outcomes and to improve therapeutic workflows. We also anticipate that our work will open new fields of inquiry, for example defining how DSB repair complexes assembled interact with each other and with cell-wide signaling mechanisms.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $351,066 )
2025	2025	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	001	5	6/5/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$351,066
2025	2024	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	4	6/2/2025	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$0
														Subtotal = $351,066

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $440,512 )
2024	2024	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	4	5/16/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$352,679
2024	2024	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	001	4	5/17/2024	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$87,833
														Subtotal = $440,512

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $427,404 )
2023	2023	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	001	3	8/7/2023	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$73,194
2023	2023	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	3	5/23/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$354,210
														Subtotal = $427,404

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $355,658 )
2022	2022	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	2	6/7/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$355,658
														Subtotal = $355,658

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $357,406 )
2021	2021	UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA BARBARA	3227 CHEADLE HALL	SANTA BARBARA	CA	93106	SANTA BARBARA	USA	Biomedical Research and Research Training	000	1	8/11/2021	NEW	$357,406
														Subtotal = $357,406

Grand Total All Awards = $1,932,046

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Defining DNA resection and protein localization changes that occur during DSB repair

Award Number: R35GM142975

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF GENERAL MEDICAL SCIENCES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 08/12/2021

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 05/31/2026

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