AI-guided Intestinal stem cell activation for mucosal restoration in ulcerative colitis - ABSTRACT The mucus layer of the digestive system plays a key role in innate immunity, protecting intestinal epithelium from commensal bacteria, pathogens, and toxins. Goblet cells (GCs), secretory cells residing in the intestinal epithelium, are essential for mucin secretion to form this protective mucus layer and maintain its integrity. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is strongly correlated with a compromised colonic mucus layer and a decrease in the number and function of GCs, eventually resulting in inflammatory flare-ups. Unfortunately, current UC treatments display only limited eƯicacy and high recurrence rates, and mostly target the inflammatory process, without inducing mucosal regeneration. In this proposal, we aim to leverage the powerful regenerative potential of the patient’s own cells by activating colon-resident intestinal stem cells (ISCs) to diƯerentiate into GCs. We hypothesize this will augment mucus secretion and rebuild the broken mucosal barrier, eventually preventing pathogen invasion and the consequent inflammatory cascade. Accordingly, the first aim of our study will include artificial intelligence (AI)-guided identification of small molecules that boost GC diƯerentiation. We plan to build on our expertise in ISC diƯerentiation, combined with leveraging existing large biological datasets, including multi-omics datasets and chemical libraries to identify compounds that stimulate GC diƯerentiation. Our second aim is evaluation of AI-identified compounds in UC murine colon organoids (colonoids), and in colonoids derived from UC patients’ biopsies for identification of the most potent GC inducers in this clinically relevant in-vitro model. Our third aim will be dedicated to assessing the therapeutic impact of the top GC boosting molecules in an acute UC murine model. Our proposed strategy to harness the innate stemness of colonic ISCs is envisioned to result in renewal of the colonic GC pool, enhancement of GC-induced mucus secretion and restoration of the mucus barrier function and its key role in innate immunity. We believe the potent stem-cell boosting molecules identified in this study may eventually be developed into a novel treatment modality to replenish the mucus layer and significantly ameliorate inflammatory flares and related symptoms in UC patients.
