Addressing Trauma from Interpersonal Violence through a Web-based Peer Navigation-Social Support Intervention to Improve ART Adherence among Women - PROJECT SUMMARY In the US, women living with HIV/AIDS (WLHA) are less likely to be adherent to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and virally suppressed compared to men living with HIV/AIDS. Concurrently, WLHA experience high rates of interpersonal violence – physical, sexual, and/or psychological abuse in adulthood – which often results in trauma (e.g., post-traumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) and other adverse mental health, further contributing to ART non-adherence. Additionally, the confluence of syndemic adverse mental health, substance use, and socio-structural factors (e.g., HIV stigma, medical mistrust) further contribute to poor HIV outcomes. Social support through peer navigation and networks has been shown to counter these effects and improve HIV outcomes among WLHA. Likewise, psychoeducation addressing affective distress to improve mood and emotion management and relationship skills has been shown to reduce PTSD and depression. However, limited resources at HIV service agencies combined with socio-structural barriers (e.g., lack of transportation, competing priorities) impede the potential effectiveness of in-person peer navigation. A scalable and sustainable solution is the use of technology in the form of web-based video interaction. To that end, we developed and pilot tested a 4-month web-based, trauma-informed peer navigation-psychoeducation social support intervention among WLHA affected by interpersonal violence and syndemic adverse mental health and/or substance use. We demonstrated feasibility, acceptability, preliminary improvements in ART adherence, PTSD symptoms, coping self-efficacy, and social support. Building on these promising pilot findings, we propose to conduct a randomized controlled trial of Women SHINE to improve ART adherence among WLHA affected by adulthood interpersonal violence in California. Participants will be randomized to either: a) the intervention arm (n=180) where women will receive a 4-month program comprised of video-based peer navigation support via one-on-one sessions and 7 psychoeducation weekly support group sessions, and access to a static Women SHINE website with statewide resources for HIV care, interpersonal violence, trauma, mental health, and substance use; or b) the control arm (n=180) where women will receive a single group session on self-care and well-being, with access to the static Women SHINE website. Women will complete video-based survey assessments and mailed hair sample self-collection at baseline, 4-, 8-, and 12- months post-randomization. Compared to the control arm, we will determine if Women SHINE is associated with improvements in ART adherence (Aim 1) and PTSD symptoms and emotion regulation (Aim 2). We will also examine individual (e.g., self-efficacy for coping, social support networks) and socio-structural (e.g., HIV stigma, medical mistrust) mechanisms of change in the efficacy of Women SHINE (Aim 3). If efficacious, we will conduct subsequent research to determine effective and feasible methods for intervention implementation nationwide to improve HIV outcomes among WLHA.
