With extensive application of treatment strategies, the acute mortality of patients having myocardial infarct (MI)
has significantly reduced but these patients turn to ischemic cardiomyopathy (IC). Importantly, the incidence of
IC is much higher in diabetic patients, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Despite the major advances
in cardiac interventions, diabetic IC (DIC) morbidity and mortality continue to rise. It is increasingly recognized
that integrative approaches, rather than purely focusing on cardiomyocytes, must be undertaken for DIC
prevention/treatment. Supplementation of adiponectin (APN), a protein identified as an adipokine, protects the
acute ischemic heart in animal model. However, several clinical studies demonstrate that elevated APN levels
are strongly associated with poor prognosis of chronic HF. We and others previously report that APN function is
markedly attenuated in diabetic animals and patients. Our most recent study demonstrates that diabetes injures
heart not only on cardiomyocytes, the impaired coronary endothelial cells (EC) in diabetes leading to
microcirculation dysfunction dramatically enhancing cardiac dysfunction. Our recently published work and
preliminary experiments further demonstrate that 1) in human diabetic coronary EC, APN receptor 1 knockout
(AdipoR1, prototypic APN receptor in EC) mRNA expression is unchanged, but AdipoR1 protein expression is
significantly reduced; 2) coronary vascular dysfunction (CVDy) is markedly exaggerated in diabetic animals as
well as in AdipoR1KO mice; in type 2 diabetic mice, AdipoR1 expression is significantly reduced in the coronary
EC. 3) proteomics reveal that AdipoR1 phosphorylation is the most significant post-translational modification in
diabetic coronary EC; 4) GRK5 (not GRK2), the prototypical GRK family member in EC, is markedly upregulated
in diabetic coronary EC; 5) GRK5OE in coronary EC has no effect upon AdipoR1 mRNA expression. However,
GRK5OE largely reproduces the pathologic phenotypes in human coronary EC concerning APN/AdipoR1
signaling; 6) conversely, GRK5KO restores APN angiogenic effect in diabetic coronary EC. Based upon these
exciting preliminary results, we will test a novel hypothesis that diabetic GRK5 upregulation and resultant
AdipoR1 phosphorylation plays causative roles in diabetic CVDy and contributes to the deleterious
consequences of DIC. GRK5-AdipoR1 system may be a novel therapeutic target against diabetic CVDy,
ultimately ameliorating the DIC. This hypothesis will be rigorously tested by addressing the following 3 scientific
questions: 1) what is the molecular mechanism that causes AdipoR1 desensitization and blocks AdipoR1
function in diabetes? (Aim 1); 2) How is APN’s coronary vascular protective action impaired when AdipoR1 is
phosphorylated? (Aim 2), and 3) which intervention is most effective in restoring coronary vascular function in
the diabetic heart against DIC? (Aim 3). Successful completion of proposed studies will greatly advance our
knowledge in understanding the basis of diabetic cardiac injury through integrating regulation of coronary
microcirculatory function, and identify novel therapeutic targets against DIC.