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Brain structure and function in infants

Award Number: R01HD093776
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/01/2018
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2029

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Brain structure and function in infants - Project Summary/Abstract For almost 100 years, a large number of electrophysiology studies have reported on resting-state (RS) neural activity in humans. This research often focuses on RS alpha-band activity (8-12 Hz in adults), as RS alpha activity it is commonly interpreted as reflecting the brain's readiness to process information, predicting task performance and processing speed, and being integral to coordinating local- and long- range functional connectivity. Infant RS studies seek to understand infant RS neural processes and the maturation of these processes, with the first two years of life a peak period of neural reorganization, and with variation in the maturation of RS activity contributing to normal variation in development as well as clinical disorders. In infants and toddlers, this line of research is constrained by difficulty obtaining prototypical high SNR eyes-closed RS electrophysiology measures, with almost all infant studies obtaining RS measures while infants view visual stimuli, and with an eyes-open condition not generating a robust infant `alpha' response. During the current cycle of this R01 (locally referred to as Babies' Brains Change (BBC)), we developed methods that overcome barriers that have to date limited progress. Our intention is that findings from this continuation R01 will provide direct tests of theories of infant maturation of brain function, structure, and chemistry and their relationship to each other and behavior, change the way infant RS electrophysiology studies are conducted, and show the way forward for further discoveries about those relationships. Progress will be made via (1) the use of an eyes-open dark-room (DR) task advanced by the PI and which provides RS measures with a high-SNR dominant oscillation response in awake infants, (2) using recently developed algorithms to parameterize the RS power spectrum to obtain estimates of RS periodic activity (e.g., the canonical RS dominant oscillation) and RS aperiodic activity (i.e., the `background' neural activity), (3) assessing RS activity in brain space so that regional differences in RS neural activity can be identified, and so that hypothesized associations between RS neural activity and brain structure (gray and white matter), brain chemistry (glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)), and behavior can be optimally evaluated, and (4) obtaining temporally dense brain measures as understanding brain development requires assessing maturational processes. At Time 1, evaluable data (MEG measures of infant RS activity, MRI measures of gray and white matter, MRS measures of Glu and GABA, and developmental milestone measures) will be obtained from 70 infants, with a 4-month interval between visits, and with a total of 4 visits. It is predicted that the project findings will identify regional differences in the maturation of RS neural activity, show that brain structure and chemistry predict the structure of the RS activity, and that RS measures will predict the time to developmental milestones (e.g., age when first walking).


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $752,034 )
2025	2025	THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	002	7	6/23/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$752,034
2025	2024	THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	6	3/20/2025	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$22,460
2025	2022	THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	5	3/20/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$22,460
														Subtotal = $752,034

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $778,981 )
2024	2024	THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	6	9/20/2024	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$778,981
														Subtotal = $778,981

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2023	2022	CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, THE	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	5	6/23/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $649,447 )
2022	2022	CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, THE	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	5	6/9/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$649,447
														Subtotal = $649,447

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $660,267 )
2021	2021	CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, THE	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	4	5/31/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$660,267
														Subtotal = $660,267

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $685,555 )
2020	2020	CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, THE	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	3	6/18/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$685,555
														Subtotal = $685,555

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $702,243 )
2019	2019	CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, THE	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	2	8/19/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$702,243
														Subtotal = $702,243

Issue Date FY: 2018 ( Subtotal = $718,831 )
2018	2018	CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA, THE	3401 CIVIC CENTER BLVD	PHILADELPHIA	PA	19104	PHILADELPHIA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	1	8/29/2018	NEW	$718,831
														Subtotal = $718,831

Grand Total All Awards = $4,947,358

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Brain structure and function in infants

Award Number: R01HD093776

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/01/2018

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2029

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