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MASKING IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

Award Number: R01DC003925
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 12/01/1998
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2013

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MASKING IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM - DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In nature, sounds from an actively-emitting source arrives at the ears slightly before its echo, and this time advantage is thought to play a key role in our ability to perceive the location of the direct sound (localization dominance; LD) and be relatively unaware of the echoes and their points of origin (lag-discrimination suppression; LDS). LD and LDS, collectively known as the "precedence effect", are thought to be the mechanisms by which we segregate acoustical signals of interest from background noise. This process declines with hearing loss and with age, and understanding the neural underpinnings is crucial to the design of assistive devices and rehabilitation strategies. While the fact that the direct sound arrives first is important in the precedence effect, experiments have also shown that signals without a arrival-time difference at the start of the stimulus can still evoke LD. The project proposed is to study LD and LDS in the absence of such onset cues in the barn owl, a nocturnal raptor that can hunt by hearing alone, guided by a map of frontal space in its midbrain. Pilot data suggests that owls, like humans, experience LD even without onset time cues. The project's hypothesis is that LD and LDS are due to consistent lead/lag relationships between the envelope features of the sound pair. Aim 1 Localization Dominance. The hypothesis predicts that without the initial arrival-time difference, the strength of LD will depend on the similarity in the lead and lag envelope structures and the ability to sense the modulations of the envelope. The initial time-advantage is removed from the leading sounds by synchronously gating the sounds, and the envelope similarity and modulation frequencies of the sound pair are manipulated to determine the effect of these factors on LD. LD is assessed using the owl's natural propensity to turn its head in the perceived direction of a sound source. Aim 2 Lag-Discrimination Suppression. Is LDS, the complementary phenomenon to LD, also influenced by the structure of the envelope? The owl's ability to discriminate the position of the lagging source will be investigated using the stimuli used in Aim 1. Discrimination is assessed with a newly developed, non-operant technique for probing the ability of subjects to detect small changes. Aim 3 Neuronal Responses. In Aim 3, we analyze the responses evoked by the synchronously gated stimuli in neurons of the owl's auditory space map. In first experiment, we test whether the suppression of responses to the lagging sound observed with conventional lead/lag stimuli (w/ initial transient disparity & ongoing envelope disparities) are also observable with synchronously gated stimuli. In a second experiment, we test a specific hypothesis about the nature of the suppression in the owl's space map that might allow for the resolution of temporal ambiguities that can arise when the envelope spectra are narrow.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2012 ( Subtotal = $325,956 )
2012	2012	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	15	5/22/2012	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$325,956
														Subtotal = $325,956

Issue Date FY: 2011 ( Subtotal = $325,956 )
2011	2011	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	14	8/9/2011	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$325,956
														Subtotal = $325,956

Issue Date FY: 2010 ( Subtotal = $395,921 )
2010	2010	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	13	6/1/2010	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$395,921
														Subtotal = $395,921

Issue Date FY: 2009 ( Subtotal = $342,104 )
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Trans-NIH Recovery Act Research Support	001	11	6/26/2009	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$0
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	002	12	6/2/2009	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$323,519
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Trans-NIH Recovery Act Research Support	000	11	5/29/2009	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$18,585
														Subtotal = $342,104

Issue Date FY: 2008 ( Subtotal = $381,398 )
2008	2008	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	11	2/26/2008	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$381,398
														Subtotal = $381,398

Issue Date FY: 2007 ( Subtotal = $375,813 )
2007	2007	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	10	6/1/2007	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$375,813
														Subtotal = $375,813

Issue Date FY: 2006 ( Subtotal = $374,874 )
2006	2006	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	9	5/26/2006	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$374,874
														Subtotal = $374,874

Issue Date FY: 2005 ( Subtotal = $371,849 )
2005	2005	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	8	6/2/2005	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$371,849
														Subtotal = $371,849

Issue Date FY: 2004 ( Subtotal = $360,190 )
2004	2004	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	7	6/4/2004	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$360,190
														Subtotal = $360,190

Issue Date FY: 2003 ( Subtotal = $583,493 )
2003	2003	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5215 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	5		NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$226,056
2003	2003	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5219 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	6	9/1/2003	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$357,437
														Subtotal = $583,493

Issue Date FY: 2002 ( Subtotal = $219,473 )
2002	2002	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5215 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	4	11/15/2001	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$219,473
														Subtotal = $219,473

Issue Date FY: 2001 ( Subtotal = $213,080 )
2001	2001	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5215 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	3	2/5/2001	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$213,080
														Subtotal = $213,080

Issue Date FY: 2000 ( Subtotal = $206,873 )
2000	2000	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5215 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	2	12/9/1999	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$206,873
														Subtotal = $206,873

Issue Date FY: 1999 ( Subtotal = $225,892 )
1999	1999	UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	5215 UNIVERSITY OF OREGON	EUGENE	OR	97403	LANE	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	1	11/23/1998	NEW	$225,892
														Subtotal = $225,892

Grand Total All Awards = $4,702,872

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MASKING IN THE AUDITORY SYSTEM

Award Number: R01DC003925

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 12/01/1998

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2013

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