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Doctor Shopping for Controlled Substances: Insights from Two-Mode Social Network Analysis

Award Number: R01DA039928
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 08/01/2016
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2021

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Doctor Shopping for Controlled Substances: Insights from Two-Mode Social Network Analysis - The proposed project will analyze patterns of doctor shopping for prescription opioids and benzodiazepines using two-mode (i.e. affiliation) social network analysis (SNA). Abuse of prescription opioids and benzodiazepines in the U.S. has risen rapidly, creating a public health crisis. Mortality from drug overdose is higher than motor vehicle accidents and is among the nation's leading preventable causes of death. Doctor shopping is defined as obtaining controlled substances from multiple health care practitioners simultaneously, exceeding the recommended dosage. Doctor shopping is a principle method of obtaining controlled substances for misuse, and an indicator of escalating drug abuse that is associated with a two-fold risk for fatal overdose. Lack of consensus about criteria for classifying doctor shopping has led to wide variation in estimated rates of questionable prescribing activity. This ambiguity poses barriers to understanding factors underlying doctor shopping, and impedes the evaluation of prescription drug policies. Currently, numerical thresholds or multiple provider episodes (MPEs; i.e. overlapping prescriptions) are most often used to identify doctor shoppers, resulting in false positives and negatives. A goal of the proposed study is to determine whether incorporating information about actors' structural position in a two-mode social network of patients and prescribers can produce more valid indictors of illicit behavior. Two-mode network analysis focuses on ties between two different classes or sets of entities. In the proposed project, data form a two-mode network with prescribers in one class and patients in the other, and ties are present only between prescribers and patients. Two-mode SNA is ideal for examining structural patterns in social interaction between two sets of actors, and for determining the most active and central actors in a network. Consistently targeting prescribers that are key players in prescription drug networks may be indicative of strategic doctor shopping behavior or information sharing among patients. Insights from SNA will be used to fine-tune doctor-shopping indicators, improving our ability to detect early signs of abuse, as well as behavior that is intermittent, ambiguous, or less intense, but still problematic. The specific aims of the proposed study are to: 1) Utilize SNA to develop and assess network- based metrics of doctor shopping in comparison to traditional indicators; and 2) Identify characteristics of doctor shopping patients, targeted prescribers, and the point of service. To our knowledge, this is the first study of prescription drug abuse to use two-mode SNA as its methodological approach. This study is significant in applying two-mode SNA – a complex, systems science methodology – to drug abuse research and has the potential to facilitate cost-effective information extraction from extant datasets for translation to policy and practice. The long-term goal of this research is to leverage insights from SNA to improve detection and prevention of doctor shopping and related fraudulent activities, and ultimately reduce the prevalence and public health impact of prescription drug abuse.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = -$565 )
2022	2019	TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY	107 S INDIANA AVE	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47405	MONROE	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	4	11/22/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$565
														Subtotal = -$565

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $317,590 )
2019	2019	TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY	BRYAN HALL 107 S INDIANA AVENUE	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47405	MONROE	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	4	6/6/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$317,590
														Subtotal = $317,590

Issue Date FY: 2018 ( Subtotal = $317,590 )
2018	2018	TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY	BRYAN HALL 107 S INDIANA AVENUE	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47405	MONROE	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	3	6/21/2018	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$317,590
														Subtotal = $317,590

Issue Date FY: 2017 ( Subtotal = $287,893 )
2017	2017	TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY	205C BRYAN HALL, 105 N INDIANA AVE	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47405	MONROE	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	2	6/13/2017	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$287,893
														Subtotal = $287,893

Issue Date FY: 2016 ( Subtotal = $519,414 )
2016	2016	INDIANA UNIVERSITY, BLOOMINGTON	509 EAST 3RD STREET	BLOOMINGTON	IN	47405	MONROE	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	1	7/26/2016	NEW	$519,414
														Subtotal = $519,414

Grand Total All Awards = $1,441,922

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Doctor Shopping for Controlled Substances: Insights from Two-Mode Social Network Analysis

Award Number: R01DA039928

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 08/01/2016

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2021

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