Title: Dissecting FAK-regulated oncogenic signaling programs in ovarian cancer
High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer (HGSOC) kills four of five women within sixty months. HGSOC is
genetically complex, which has slowed past preclinical model development. To this end, we have molecularly
characterized a new and in vivo evolved, aggressive, implantable, and syngeneic murine ovarian cancer model.
These cells display many spontaneous acquired copy number changes, including K-Ras, Myc, and FAK/PTK2
genes (herein termed KMF cells) among other striking similarities to HGSOC. FAK (focal adhesion kinase) is
a tyrosine kinase canonically supporting integrin signaling, motility and mechano-sensing. Our collective
approaches in HGSOC and KMF cells, including pharmacological inhibition, FAK knockout, FAK re-expression,
complementation, and bioinformatic analyses reveal that non-canonical adhesion-independent FAK signaling
sustains intrinsic resistance to platinum chemotherapy in part via b-catenin activation and the elevation of
transcription factors supporting stemness and DNA repair genes. FAK is activated in patient tumors surviving
chemotherapy and acquired platinum resistance can facilitate ovarian tumorsphere dependence on FAK for
growth. We identified a gene set associated with FAK expression and a subset linked to intrinsic FAK activity
in 3D organoid cell culture. Exogenous activated b-catenin expression was sufficient to rescue FAK loss or
inactivation phenotypes in 3D culture, but b-catenin did not promote FAK-null tumor growth in mice. Thus, FAK
selectively promotes oncogenic signaling in vivo and FAK senses the tumor microenvironment. Our proposal
will test the hypothesis that stress-induced FAK activation in tumorspheres surviving within a mouse peritoneal
environment triggers specific cellular reprogramming, fostering stem-like state of heightened oncogenicity. In
Aim-1, our unique gene-edited human and murine ovarian tumor systems will be used together with an inducible
FAK expression system to characterize FAK localization- and kinase-dependent signals driving malignancy. In
Aim-2, total and single cell RNA-seq will be performed on cells isolated from tumor-bearing mice to determine
FAK regulated targets in vivo. Combined single cell RNA-seq and ATAC-seq will determine how subpopulations
of cells are derived in response to time-dependent FAK activation and the interrelationship of gene markers in
cell subpopulations. In Aim-3, we will use molecular and immunohistochemical analyses of patient clinical trial
samples to identify and biomarkers associated with FAK inhibition and patient outcome. Our proposal
encompasses cell biology, advanced RNA sequencing, epigenome mapping as well as single cell sequencing
with bioinformatic clustering analysis. These approaches, together with the evaluation of clinical trial patient
samples, will identify a “FAK-dependent” cell biomarker gene signature that can be re-tested for significance
within KMF and HGSOOC tumor models. These studies will provide important insights into a targetable
signaling pathway sustaining HGSOC malignancy.