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A Treg cell-intrinsic CTLA4-PKC-eta signaling pathway mediating contact-dependent suppression of tumor immunity: A novel target for cancer immunotherapy

Award Number: R01CA233862
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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A Treg cell-intrinsic CTLA4-PKC-eta signaling pathway mediating contact-dependent suppression of tumor immunity: A novel target for cancer immunotherapy - ABSTRACT Regulatory T cells accumulate and correlate with poor prognosis in many cancers, and ablation of Treg together with other therapies is being explored in the clinic. The success of this approach requires, however, elucidation of the mechanisms of regulation and action of Treg in order to provide new, more selective targets for rational immunotherapy. This proposal derives from our discovery of a novel Treg-intrinsic signaling pathway required for contact-dependent suppression of tumor immunity. In this pathway, Treg-expressed CTLA4 physically associates with protein kinase C-eta (PKCη) and, upon CTLA4 engagement, recruits a PAK- PIX-GIT complex required for focal adhesion disassembly. PKCη deletion or expression of a CTLA4 non- interacting PKCη mutant impaired Treg ability to inhibit tumor-specific immunity, but not autoimmune colitis. We hypothesize that this novel CTLA4 signaling axis is obligatory for contact-dependent suppression of tumor immunity by Foxp3+ Treg. Our overarching goal is to further explore at the mechanistic and animal levels this signaling pathway and its functional implications for tumor immunity. In Aim 1, we will mechanistically analyze the molecular pathways utilized by CTLA4 and PKCη to recruit and activate the GIT2-PAK2-αPIX complex and mediate contact-dependent suppression in mouse and human Treg, and determine how disruption of this signaling pathway affects Treg suppression. We will also use 2-photon microscopy to study intratumoral Treg- DC dynamics. Given the critical role of CD8+ T cells as tumor-killing CTL, we will also determine how CD8- specific PKCη deletion affects their activation and functions. In Aim 2, we will use mice with constitutive, Cre- mediated deletion of PKCη (and GIT2) in Foxp3+ Treg to analyze in vivo how disrupting CTLA4-PKCη signaling affects tumor immunity and the tumor microenvironment. We will use preclinical tumor models, including a melanoma carrying the BrafV600E mutation and a genetically engineered mouse hepatocellular carcinoma model. We will focus on tumor-infiltrating Treg, CD8+ cells and DC, and explore the transendocytosis pathway of Treg-mediated depletion of costimulatory CD80/CD86 ligands from antigen- presenting cells, which is impaired in Prkch–/– Treg. If Aim 1 studies reveal an important role for PKCη in CD8+ T cells, we will additionally analyze tumor growth and the tumor microenvironment in mice with CD8-specific Prkch deletion. In Aim 3, we will use mice with a tamoxifen (Tam)-induced, time-controlled Treg-specific PKCη deletion, either alone or in combination with adjunct therapies, to study the therapeutic effects of these manipulations, using the tumor models in Aim 2. The studies will benefit from availability of all tools and models and from expert collaborators. We expect this project to provide mechanistic understanding of a novel pathway that Treg utilize to suppress tumor-specific immunity and promote tumor growth. This understanding could lead, in turn, to novel cancer immunotherapies based on selective inactivation of the CTLA4-PKCη signaling pathway in Treg, resulting in inhibition of cancer-promoting Treg with minimal autoimmune-related side effects.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2024	2023	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	000	5	4/11/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $512,601 )
2023	2023	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	000	5	11/17/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$470,757
2023	2023	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	001	5	3/16/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$41,844
														Subtotal = $512,601

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $512,601 )
2022	2022	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	000	4	11/22/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$470,756
2022	2022	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	001	4	6/22/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$41,845
														Subtotal = $512,601

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $523,063 )
2021	2021	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	002	3	3/26/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2021	2021	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	000	3	11/30/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$496,910
2021	2021	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	001	3	2/2/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$26,153
														Subtotal = $523,063

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $523,063 )
2020	2020	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	001	2	1/15/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$52,307
2020	2020	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	000	2	11/6/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$470,756
														Subtotal = $523,063

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $523,063 )
2019	2019	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	001	1	2/4/2019	NEW	$8,574
2019	2019	LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY	9420 ATHENA CIR	LA JOLLA	CA	92037	SAN DIEGO	USA	Cancer Biology Research	000	1	11/1/2018	NEW	$514,489
														Subtotal = $523,063

Grand Total All Awards = $2,594,391

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A Treg cell-intrinsic CTLA4-PKC-eta signaling pathway mediating contact-dependent suppression of tumor immunity: A novel target for cancer immunotherapy

Award Number: R01CA233862

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL CANCER INSTITUTE

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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