ABSTRACT
The overarching goal of this project is to optimize, validate and implement a revolutionary and safe modality
for noninvasive functional imaging of neural currents deep in the human brain through the skull at
unprecedented spatial and temporal resolution. Transcranial Acoustoelectric Brain Imaging (tABI) is a
disruptive technology that exploits pulses of ultrasound (US) to transiently interact with physiologic current,
producing a radiofrequency (RF) signature detected by one or more sensors (e.g., surface electrodes). By
rapidly sweeping the US beam and simultaneously detecting these RF modulations, 4D high resolution current
density maps are generated. This approach overcomes limitations with electroencephalography (EEG), which
suffers from poor spatial resolution and inaccuracies due to blurring of electrical signals as they pass through
the brain and skull, and, unlike fMRI and PET that measure slow “intrinsic” signals, tABI directly maps fast
time-varying current within a defined brain volume at the mm and ms scales. As a disruptive and scalable
modality for noninvasive human brain imaging, tABI offers the following benefits: 1) High spatial resolution
determined by the US focus (e.g., 0.3 – 3 mm); 2) Real-time, volumetric imaging of local field potentials and
evoked activity; 3) 4D imaging of neural currents from deep brain structures without assuming the
conductivity distribution; and 4) Co-registration of neural currents (tABI) with brain structure, motion (pulse
echo US) and cerebral blood flow (Doppler). Our multidisciplinary team of engineers, physicists,
neuroscientists, psychologists, and imagers will overcome the primary challenge of detecting weak interaction
signals through skull at safe US intensities. To demonstrate tABI as a safe and reliable modality for electrical
brain imaging at the mm and ms scales in healthy volunteers, we propose to 1) Optimize, calibrate, and
validate tABI using established human head and in vivo swine models; 2) Develop and validate the first tABI
platform for functional brain imaging in human subjects; 2a) Assess extraoperative tABI for mapping patients
with intractable epilepsy referred for surgery; and 2b) Assess tABI for mapping somatotopic organization in
healthy volunteers. If successful, this project will deliver a safe, revolutionary and mobile technology for
noninvasive human brain imaging with the goal of transforming our understanding of brain function and help
diagnose, stage, monitor and treat a wide variety of neurologic (e.g., epilepsy, Parkinson’s), psychiatric (e.g.,
depression) and behavioral (e.g., OCD) disorders.
