BIN1, the most significant late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) susceptibility locus identified via
GWAS, encodes an adaptor protein that regulates membrane dynamics in the context of endocytosis and
neurotransmitter vesicle release. BIN1 can directly bind to tau, leading to the suggestion that BIN1 might
influence AD tangle pathology. However, we and others have failed to find evidence directly linking cytosolic
BIN1·tau interaction to AD risk. In contrast, compelling in vitro evidence suggests that BIN1’s function in
membrane dynamics limits pathogenic tau seed uptake and influences tau release. This indicates that neuronal
BIN1 might regulate tau pathology propagation. In vivo evidence to support this notion is still lacking. In order to
elucidate how BIN1 function relates to disease risk for AD, it is imperative to better understand BIN1’s role in tau
pathogenesis and disease progression using appropriate animal models. Our preliminary characterization of tau
pathogenesis in Bin1-cKO mice reveals a complex picture: the loss of BIN1 expression in tau transgenic mice
exacerbated tau pathology in the spinal cord, accelerated disease progression, and caused early death.
Intriguingly, BIN1 loss also attenuated brain atrophy and protected the hippocampus from neuroinflammation,
synapse, and neuronal loss, thus, profoundly reducing tau neuropathology in select regions. These intriguing
findings need to be extended because of their direct clinical implications. Our central hypothesis is that BIN1
exerts its function as a risk factor by modulating tau pathophysiology in a region-specific manner. Since BIN1 is
a potential target for future therapies, the overall objective of this investigation is to characterize BIN1 modulation
of tau neuropathology in vivo and gain molecular insights into region-specific BIN1 functions. The goal of Aim 1
is to generate cell-type-specific inducible Bin1-cKO using CamK- and PLP-CreERT-drivers, characterize tau
pathogenesis using in vivo longitudinal MR imaging and detailed neuropathology and test the hypothesis that
BIN1 expression modulates tau neuropathology in select brain regions. Aim 2 studies will apply complementary
stereotaxic injection approaches to directly test the hypothesis that BIN1 exerts a region-specific influence on
neuron-to-neuron tau spread or influences uptake and pathology propagation via mutant tau template interaction.
Aim 3 studies will perform molecular analyses through bulk and digital spatial transcriptomic strategies to map
cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous disease-related gene expression changes and elucidate functional
pathways involved in BIN1-mediated region-specific pathology modulation. This timely and unique proposal is
highly innovative. This investigation using multiple Bin1-cKO mice represents the most direct in vivo approach
to rigorously investigate BIN1’s involvement in the biological pathways of tau neuropathology. We believe that
the successful completion of the proposed investigation will fill significant gaps in our understanding of BIN1 as
a risk factor for LOAD and guide future functional characterizations of molecular pathways and pathogenic
mechanisms regulated by this major LOAD risk gene.