Biological Treatment of Bacterial Keratitis - Project Summary/Abstract
Bacterial keratitis (BK) is an infection of the cornea that, if left untreated, can cause blindness. Staphylococcus aureus (Sa),
Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) are three major causes of BK in North America.
Symptoms of BK include pain, redness, inflammation, and opacity of the affected cornea and loss of visual acuity (1).
AmebaGone Inc., (AG) partnered with UW-Madison Department of Ophthalmology to develop a novel biocontrol method
to treat BK. AG holds issued patents and has expert knowledge related to use of Dictyostelid cells (DC), a benign, soil-
dwelling organism known to destroy pathogenic bacteria through the phagocytosis. Issued patents broadly cover the use of
DC to eat biofilm-enmeshed and free-living (planktonic) bacteria (“Therapeutic Ameba and Uses Thereof”; USPTO granted
patent 8,551,471 and follow up patent US 8,551,671). A patent covering countries of the European Union has been filed
and the firm has licensed rights to more than 3,000 DC strains from 3 worldwide collections occupying diverse natural
habitats. Benign DC diverged from aquatic amoeba, some of which are pathogenic, over 1 billion years ago. In Phase I
work, AG identified 36 Dicty strains capable of efficiently killing (> 4 log10 reduction in bacterial titers) Sa at eye
temperature. Of these strains, AG identified 4 DC strains that reproducibly germinated to high levels and developed a gel
formulation that increased the maximum recovery time from 1 to 16 hours. Additionally, AG tested safety of these DC
strains and found no increase in corneal pathology or discomfort compared to the vehicle control. In the Phase II project
AG proposes to: 1) Expand the target of DC from singular action against Sa to additional causative agents of BK- Pa and
Sp, 2). Develop effective formulation and assess DC stability therein. 3) Conduct in vivo safety and basic biology testing of
DC treatment in the eye, and 4). Quantify efficacy of DC cocktails in treating murine cornea infected with Sa, Pa, or Sp in
vivo. The data generated in these studies will position us to prepare an Investigational New Drug (IND) application for the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
