Project Summary/Abstract
Many pharmaceutical agents are highly potent, but are unable to exert substantial therapeutic activity against
disorders of the brain, because the blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively prevents their access to the site of
intracerebral disease. For example, the majority of glioblastoma patients, despite the best efforts of current
medical care, die within two years after diagnosis. Hence, there is a great medical need for novel approaches
to effective brain drug delivery, in particular for malignant brain cancers, but other diseases as well.
As a solution to this medical need, we seek to develop a novel binary intranasal co-delivery method that will
circumvent the BBB and enable brain access of otherwise BBB-impermeable chemotherapeutic drugs. As a
model for a BBB-impermeable drug, we chose bortezomib (BZM), a highly active anticancer compound that is
very effective when given intravenously to patients with multiple myeloma, a cancer of white blood cells. We
have shown that BZM has the potency to very effectively kill brain cancer cells as well, but it does not work
when given via intravenous infusion, because it cannot cross the BBB and reach tumors inside the brain.
Perillyl alcohol (POH) is acompound derived from nature that has shown anticancer activity when given via the
nose to patients with malignant brain cancer. This delivery method is non-invasive and very well tolerated, and
patients can administer POH themselves with a portable nebulizer. It is thought that the high lipophilicity of
POH enables its easy delivery to the brain, at least in part via direct nose-to-brain transport. For our own work,
we have uniquely available a highly purified version of POH, called NEO100.
Our working hypothesis predicts that during intranasal co-delivery of NEO100 and BZM, NEO100 will act as a
nose-to-brain carrier to transport BMZ into the brain, thereby circumventing the BBB obstacle. This way, both
agents will reach the tumor site in the brain and unfold their tumor-killing task in concert. The goal of our
project is toestablish proof-of-principle that this intranasal drug co-delivery works in a rat tumor model. In the
first specific aim, we will measure how much drug enters the brain of rats after intranasal delivery of BZM in the
presence or absence of POH. We will also look for biological markers of drug effects, as an indication that the
drugs exerted activity. In the second specific aim, we will use intranasal drug delivery to treat rats with brain
cancers, in order to determine whether this novel co-delivery approach is effective enough to yield therapeutic
outcomes.
If successful, this project will set the stage for non-invasive, binary nose-to-brain transport of many other
pharmaceutical agents with low BBB penetration activity and potential applicability to diverse CNS disorders. In
the case of glioblastoma, future clinical validation and implementation of this approach has the potential to
provide an effective therapeutic option to a patient group with otherwise grim prognosis.