PROJECT SUMMARY
Cisgender Women (CGW) account for nearly 20% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States (US) and both
research and public health efforts in HIV prevention in this population have fallen short. Most CGW acquire
HIV via heterosexual transmission, and Black CGW are disproportionately affected. Washington, D.C. (DC) is
an epicenter of the HIV epidemic in the Southern US; HIV prevalence among CGW is seven-fold higher than
the national average, and ten-fold higher among Black CGW. Given the severity and pervasiveness of the
epidemic, DC is the model location to efficiently develop and pilot a HIV prevention intervention for CGW to be
tested across the Southern US.
HIV is highly preventable through consistent use of barrier contraception and HIV pre-exposure
prophylaxis (PrEP), however there are significant socio-structural barriers to PrEP use among CGW,
including medical mistrust, cost, stigma, and lack of access. Our preliminary research in reproductive-age
CGW at high risk for HIV echoed the critical importance of medical provider and peer support in
engagement and retention in the PrEP cascade reported in the literature. There is mounting evidence to
support the importance of socio-structural interventions to address identified barriers to successful PrEP
delivery and utilization. There are currently no evidenced-based interventions to improve PrEP initiation,
adherence, and persistence among CGW in the US.
This planning proposal builds upon the successful multi-pronged approach of Project Shikamana, a socio-
structural intervention to prevent HIV among CGW in Tanzania (a NIMH R01 award, recognized by CDC
as an evidence-based intervention (EBI) led by Dr. Kerrigan (co-I) and upon the PI’s formative research with
reproductive-age CGW at high-risk for HIV in DC. In this proposal, we plan to adapt and tailor the Project
Shikamana approach to address the culturally-specific, socio-structural barriers to HIV prevention. Our
specific aims are: 1) Intervention Development: We will adapt the existing multi-pronged Project Shikamana
Intervention for use with Southern US reproductive-age Black CGW. This intervention will integrate A) provider
training to mitigate implicit biases and positively reframe HIV prevention as part of patient-centered care, and
B) peer navigation to address socio-structural barriers to PrEP initiation, adherence, and persistence.
2) Feasibility & Acceptability Testing: We will evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of this HIV prevention
intervention. Additionally, we will evaluate the feasibility of using a regression discontinuity design and the
collection of associated outcome measures to inform a future trial. We will utilize the PRISM framework to
assess patient and organizational perspectives, reach, adoption, and intervention acceptability and feasibility in
preparation for our planned, multi-site trial to increase engagement and retention in the PrEP cascade.
