Abstract
The Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) has offered the Embryology Course for 130 years and has been
playing an important role in the training of American developmental biologists. The six-week Course trains a
diverse group of advanced pre- and postdoctoral students for research careers in developmental biology in the
unique intellectual environment of the MBL, where hundreds of scientists come together to train in a variety of
biomedically relevant fields, thereby providing ample opportunities for cross-disciplinary collaborations and
discussions. The Course consists of a series of daily lectures, informal seminars, extended discussions, and
intensive laboratory research experience that cover the paradigms, problems, and technologies of
developmental biology cast within the comparative framework of animal evolution. The 24 students selected
each year are committed to research and teaching careers in the field of developmental biology and are
chosen from a consistently talented pool of diverse national and international applicants. Traditionally, a
number of students from each year’s class later move into positions of leadership in the worldwide
developmental biology community. The teaching faculty are senior/midcareer scientists in the field, who lead
research modules in the course, or who give lectures and lead discussions of individual topics. Six one-week
modules are staffed by two full-time Course Directors, three to four faculty instructors, outside lecturers, and
course and teaching assistants. The themes of the modules change from year-to-year as important advances in
the field occur. The course introduces students to a wide variety of embryonic systems including well-
established models, such as fruit flies, nematodes, zebrafish, mouse, chickens, sea urchins, frogs, ascidians
and planaria and emerging marine invertebrate models such as cnidarians, nemerteans, acoels, crustaceans,
mollusks, annelids, hemichordates and ctenophores. This broad coverage allows for a comparative examination
of developmental strategies and mechanisms that may provide new insights into the evolution of human
related embryonic processes. Hands-on methodologies used to explore development involve surgical
manipulation (cell ablation, tissue grafting) as well as molecular genetic tools (CRISPR/cas9, RNAi,
electroporation) and cell biological approaches (genetic reporters to analyze cell lineage and migratory
behavior). Students apply cutting-edge microscopy and imaging technologies (e.g., confocal imaging, light
sheet microscopy, super-resolution microscopy and 3D time lapse) using state-of-the-art instrumentation,
reagents, and methods. The curriculum covers molecular, genetic, cellular approaches to studying animal
development, stem cell biology, regenerative biology, quantitative biophysical approaches, and genomics, all
taught within a comparative framework of animal evolution. In support of the course, the MBL provides a
unique learning environment, laboratory and support facilities, an animal collection facility, and one of the
nation’s finest research libraries.