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Using electrophysiology to index non-invasive brain stimulation effects on reward system neurobiology in depression

Award Number: R21MH127432
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 07/01/2021
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2025

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Using electrophysiology to index non-invasive brain stimulation effects on reward system neurobiology in depression - Rewards play a central role in driving behavior. Reward system dysfunctions are increasingly conceptualized as transdiagnostic phenomena 1,2, relevant to many psychopathologies. The opportunity to directly modulate reward processing through targeted intervention could have broad mechanistic and clinical value in psychiatry, both for disorders in which reward-responsive circuits are overactive or underactive. The overarching goal of this R21 proposal focuses on one such opportunity in individuals with depression: we will evaluate whether an electrophysiological measure of reward consummation, the Reward Positivity (RewP), which is consistently blunted in depression, can be moved by targeted neurostimulation of a prefrontal-striatal reward circuit. The premise of the proposed work is a well-developed empirical literature that substantiates the RewP as a measure of subjective reward valuation, with depression-associated blunting of the RewP likely reflecting attenuated reward consummation. Non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, such as repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), modulate cortical activity and offer novel avenues to probe reward circuitry. Previous research establishes that excitation of a fronto-cingulate reward circuit with rTMS increases RewP magnitude in nicotine addiction, but the extent to which blunted RewP in depression can be rescued via rTMS is unknown. We therefore propose pilot research to begin to address this literature gap via a repeated-measures study that uses a multi-measure approach to probe reward system functioning under passive and performance-dependent reward conditions. We will examine sham-controlled effects of single session intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to a dorsomedial prefrontal/anterior cingulate cortex (dmPFC/dACC) target in individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD). We will examine iTBS effects on anticipatory and later consummatory reward measures in addition to our primary focus on the RewP, thus capitalizing on the temporal precision EEG affords by decomposing reward processing into subcomponent processes and examining their differential sensitivity to neurostimulation. Specific Aim 1 examines case-control RewP differences before stimulation, and changes in RewP magnitude as a function of iTBS in MDD. Specific Aim 2 examines case-control and within-group MDD iTBS effects on a later-stage consummatory reward measure, the late positive potential (LPP). Specific Aim 3 examines case-control and within-group MDD iTBS effects on reward anticipation. Our approach is innovative because i) there is little precedent for using the well-validated RewP or similar measures as indices of rTMS modulation, despite putative hypofunction of reward circuitry in MDD and ii) we target a region strongly implicated in depressive pathophysiology3 but distinct from the Food and Drug Administration-approved dorsolateral prefrontal rTMS target for depression and ii). Here, we evaluate measures tapping reward anticipation and consummation to assay positive valence system functioning in response to iTBS, setting the stage for future biomarker validation and full-course rTMS clinical trials.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2026	2022	NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, INC.	4150 CLEMENT ST # 151	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94121	SAN FRANCISCO	USA	Mental Health Research Grants	000	2	12/5/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2024	2022	NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, INC.	4150 CLEMENT ST # 151	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94121	SAN FRANCISCO	USA	Mental Health Research Grants	000	2	5/1/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $191,625 )
2022	2022	NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, INC.	4150 CLEMENT ST 151 NC	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94121	SAN FRANCISCO	USA	Mental Health Research Grants	001	2	6/8/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$191,625
2022	2021	NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, INC.	4150 CLEMENT ST 151 NC	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94121	SAN FRANCISCO	USA	Mental Health Research Grants	000	1	11/10/2021	NEW	$0
														Subtotal = $191,625

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $229,950 )
2021	2021	NORTHERN CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH AND EDUCATION, INC.	4150 CLEMENT ST 151 NC	SAN FRANCISCO	CA	94121	SAN FRANCISCO	USA	Mental Health Research Grants	000	1	6/18/2021	NEW	$229,950
														Subtotal = $229,950

Grand Total All Awards = $421,575

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Using electrophysiology to index non-invasive brain stimulation effects on reward system neurobiology in depression

Award Number: R21MH127432

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 07/01/2021

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2025

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