Project Summary/Abstract
Over 2 million people in the United States who have intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) engage in
some form of problem behavior such as self-injury and aggression. Problem behavior is a major cause of
suffering for these individuals and their caregivers, and adversely impacts society as a whole. Problem behavior
increases caregivers' burden and strains healthcare and other service systems, as individuals who engage in
problem behavior can require prolonged separation from caregivers and community through residential or
hospital treatment. Behavioral treatments can be an effective means to treat problem behavior. One of the most
common behavioral treatments is differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, frequently implemented as
functional communication training. Most demonstrations of behavioral treatments, including functional
communication training, are conducted in highly controlled settings by trained therapists. When these treatments
are implemented in community settings (e.g., an individual's home) by caregivers, they will be challenged, which
can lead to the recurrence and sustained relapse of problem behavior. Recurrence and relapse can be the first
steps in a chain that leads to treatment failure. Fortunately, some tactics have been designed to sustain treatment
effectiveness and mitigate two forms of relapse (resurgence and renewal) that result from two of three primary
treatment challenges. These tactics function as inoculation (i.e., make problem behavior less likely to return).
However, there are no tactics designed to specifically mitigate a third form of relapse: reinstatement
This project involves a novel inoculation tactic to mitigate reinstatement and protect against the third common
treatment challenge: extinction errors. The tactic in question is based on substantial conceptual and empirical
evidence from behavioral economics, as well as our pilot work. The project uses an innovative translational-
treatment model to better understand which of the proposed tactics (our novel tactic or the default standard-of-
care approach) better inoculates against extinction errors through real-world analogues. The use of a
translational-treatment model is consistent with other research examining the role of basic processes in
behavioral treatment when collateral effects are unknown, and will also engender a thorough examination of the
proposed tactics.
In Aim 1, we will establish a proxy response, apply treatment to that proxy response, and examine the
effectiveness of progressive ratio training in inoculating against extinction errors and mitigating response-
dependent reinstatement. In Aim 2, we will establish a proxy response, apply treatment to that proxy response,
and examine the effectiveness of progressive ratio training in inoculating against extinction errors and mitigating
response-independent reinstatement. Outcomes of this research could improve the current standard of care for
behavioral treatments to make them more effective in community application, result in the development and
validation of novel inoculation tactics, and significantly improve the lives of individuals with IDD.
