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Understanding current assessment of ENDS use, variation, and opportunities for change in primary care

Award Number: R21DA063855
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 05/01/2026
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 04/30/2028

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Understanding current assessment of ENDS use, variation, and opportunities for change in primary care - PROJECT SUMMARY Health care authorities including The US Preventive Services Task Force, American Academy of Pediatrics, and American Academy of Family Physicians recommend that primary care clinicians screen for Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) use and talk with patients about the potential harms of use. Studies have found that assessment of ENDS use in primary care settings is low, (ranging from 1-34%). Findings about patient characteristics associated with ENDS use assessment are mixed, and studies are limited to individuals ≥18, users of combustible tobacco (CT), or reports from clinician surveys. Primary care is an important source of information and assistance for tobacco cessation, but nearly half of clinicians report lacking knowledge and confidence to talk with patients about ENDS use. This is important because recent studies show that about 60% of both young people and adults report wanting to quit ENDS use. We currently have little insight about the frequency with which ENDS use cessation assistance is offered to primary care patients who wish to quit ENDs use. Understanding current practices and patient, clinician and health care setting factors associated with ENDS use assessment and cessation assistance documentation can inform opportunities and strategies for improvement. We propose a mixed methods study of 22 primary care clinics providing care to more than 154K patients. This study aims to identify the current assessment and electronic health record documentation of ENDS use among 12+ year old primary care patients and examine patient, provider and clinic characteristics associated with both ENDS use assessment and offers of cessation assistance for those who want to quit. Guided by the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) and the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, and Sustainment (EPIS) framework, this study also uses a series of Community Engagement Studios to ground our understanding of the key challenges and opportunities. Collectively, we aim to generate stakeholder-centered recommendations for embedding ENDS use assessments into workflows and to identify the needs and strategies to prepare for, adopt and implement guideline-based ENDS cessation assistance. This study will inform current practices to assess ENDS use and offer cessation assistance; identify multi-level factors associated with assessment and assistance; and establish data- and experience- informed solutions generated by primary care and patient stakeholders faced with these challenges. Our study will also inform the development of implementation strategies for the routine assessment and discussion of the risks of ENDS use, and provision of cessation assistance for those who want to quit.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = $452,522 )
2026	2026	OREGON HEALTH & SCIENCE UNIVERSITY	3181 SW SAM JACKSON PARK RD	PORTLAND	OR	97239	MULTNOMAH	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	1	5/1/2026	NEW	$452,522
														Subtotal = $452,522

Grand Total All Awards = $452,522

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Understanding current assessment of ENDS use, variation, and opportunities for change in primary care

Award Number: R21DA063855

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 05/01/2026

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 04/30/2028

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