Friday, May 9, 2025
5/9/2025
Variations in a master regulator affects Clostridioides difficile physiology and virulence - PROJECT SUMMARY Clostridioides difficile is an important nosocomial pathogen that has been classified as an “urgent threat” by CDC. Antibiotic use is the primary risk factor for the development of C. difficile-associated disease because it disrupts healthy protective gut flora and enables C. difficile to colonize the colon. C. difficile damage host tissue by secreting toxins and disseminates by forming spores. The toxins encoding genes, tcdA, and tcdB are part of a pathogenicity locus and are positively regulated by tcdR. Nutrient availability and other environmental factors greatly influence toxin production in C. difficile. CodY, a protein found in many Gram-positive bacterial pathogens, is an important factor that regulates major metabolic pathways and virulence gene expression in response to nutrient availability. In C. difficile, CodY senses the nutritional status of the cell by binding to ligands, GTP, and branched-chain amino acids (Isoleucine, Leucine, and Valine-ILV), and this active CodY then represses toxin genes transcription by binding to the promoter of tcdR and repressing its transcription. We have identified that the codY gene in an epidemic C. difficile strain (R20291) carries a point mutation that changes its Tyrosine residue at the 146th position to an Asparagine (codYY146N). Following this observation, our search in the database leads us to the codYV58A allele in more than 170 different C. difficile strains of different origins. Similar to Y146 (at the dimer interface), V58 is located (ILV binding domain) at a crucial position in CodY and can influence its activity. Preliminary data indicated that CodYY146N and CodYV58A differ from wild-type CodY in their function and activity. Any change in the activity of a master regulator can alter the gene regulatory networks under its control. Proposed studies in this exploratory grant application will identify the readjusted gene regulatory networks in C. difficile because of the production CodYV58A or CodYY146N and will evaluate their effect in C. difficile physiology and pathogenesis.
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