Native Americans are 50% more likely to be obese compared with non-Hispanic Whites and are
twice as likely to be diagnosed with diabetes. Obesity and poor diet quality are major risk factors
for developing Type II diabetes, and Native Americans are disproportionately impacted by poor
physical health outcomes. We propose to develop a culturally-relevant micronutrient-dense
plant-rich (mNDPR) dietary protocol, which we will then use in a pilot, randomly-controlled trial
(RCT) to test the effectiveness of improving health and wellness of Native American employees
of Twin Arrows Casino. This study will train and employ Native American students of Northern
Arizona University (NAU) to implement our protocol and serve as Lifestyle coaches for the
intervention. We hypothesize that the protocol will be effective in (i) improving anthropometric
measures (weight, waist circumference), cardiometabolic measures (cholesterol, triglycerides,
blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fasting insulin, hsCRP, IgF-1, and blood pressure),
and wellness measures (anxiety, stress, sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and mood); and
(ii) reducing healthcare costs in Native American employees of Twin Arrows Casino over a 1-
year period. Consistent with the specified aims of the National Institute on Minority Health and
Health Disparities, this project will address health and wellness issues in an underserved
population that is disproportionately affected by obesity and related diseases. Consistent with
the specified objectives of the Academic Enhancement Research Award, this project will
significantly increase research opportunities for students in the Health Sciences, providing the
expertise and experience needed to develop skills and advance their careers. Employees of the
Twin Arrows Casino will be randomly assigned to a 12-week in-person experimental group or a
wait-list control group that will be assigned a start-date 12 weeks after the experimental group.
Both groups will undergo the same measures of health and wellness at study week 0 (baseline)
and week 13 (post-intervention for the experimental group). During week 26 (the experimental
group will undergo follow-up diet analysis and the wait-list control will undergo all measures of
health and wellness). Healthcare utilization data will be collected at week 52 for both groups.
Statistically significant differences between the intervention and control at the end of the first 12
weeks, as well as differences between baseline and post-intervention outcomes for both groups,
will demonstrate the effectiveness of this program in reducing risk factors for obesity and related
diseases in Native American employees. Health-care costs of both groups will also be evaluated
and significant differences will suggest cost-effectiveness of the program.
