New Targets for Vector Control: Regulation of Female Behavior and Physiology byAdipokinetic Hormone in Aedes aegypti - Project Summary
Seminal fluid molecules (SFMs), which are produced by males and transferred to females during mating, have
profound impacts on the feeding, reproduction, and lifespan of female insects, including Aedes aegypti and Ae.
albopictus, the main vectors of several viruses that are devastating to human health. Identifying the individual
bioactive SFMs and their mode of action in Aedes mosquitoes will provide new pathways and tools for
stemming disease spread by this species. We have carefully laid the groundwork for such investigations by
identifying seminal fluid proteins in both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. We are now poised to investigate the
functions of individual seminal fluid proteins in regulating female behavior and physiology. One of the proteins
we discovered in the seminal fluid is adipokinetic hormone (AKH). Across a range of insects, AKHs’ effects
include modulating insect response to nutritional stress by inducing release of nutrients from the fat body,
mediating oxidative stress, and regulating egg production, feeding, and digestion. AKH’s role in Aedes
mosquitoes is unknown and AKH. Given the effects of AKHs in other insects, we hypothesize that seminal
fluid-derived AKH is important in regulating the post-mating changes in nutrition-related phenotypes observed
in Aedes females. We will test this hypothesis by testing the effect of eliminating seminal fluid AKH on female
post-mating responses. In Aim I, we will compare female blood feeding, blood digestion, egg production, and
longevity between females mated to wildtype and AKH-null males. In Aim 2, we will identify the location of the
receptors within females that bind seminal fluid AKH. In Aim 3, we will determine what genes and molecular
pathways are regulated by receipt of seminal fluid AKH. The experiments outlined here will identify behavioral
and physiological phenotypes and molecular pathways that are manipulatable through exogenous signaling.
Further, they will expand our understanding of the role of adipokinetic hormones. Finally, this proposal will
provide outstanding research and training opportunities for many undergraduate students allowing them to
learn techniques in studying behavior, physiology, molecular biology, neurobiology, and biochemistry. The PI
and the consultants on the project have extensive experience training undergraduates in these techniques.
Each aim is divided into proposed experiments that are within the scope of a typical individual thesis project at
the College of Wooster or could be completed by multiple students working collaboratively on different aspects
of the experiment. Such collaborative projects would expose students to a wider range of approaches and
methodologies than would be possible if they were working independently. Thus, the funding provided by this
grant would greatly strengthen the research experiences and collaborative opportunities for students across
the life sciences at The College of Wooster and prepare these students to take integrative multi-disciplinary
approaches to problem solving in the careers they pursue after graduation.
