2025 Sex Differences in Immunity Gordon Research Conference and Gordon Research Seminar - SUMMARY Partial support is requested for a second Gordon Research Conference (GRC) and Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) on Sex Differences in Immunity. The conference will be held on March 29 – April 4, 2025, at the Four The Sex Differences in Immunity GRC/GRS is an international scientific conference focused on advancing the frontiers of science through the presentation of cutting-edge and unpublished research, prioritizing time for discussion after each talk and fostering informal interactions among scientists of all career stages. This is the only GRC/GRS dedicated to sex differences, and the focus on translational immunity, equity and inclusiveness is timely given growing appreciation that biological sex, Points Sheraton in Ventura Beach, California, near the Los Angeles International Airport. meaning the differences between males and females caused by differential sex chromosome complement, reproductive tissues, and concentrations of sex steroids, impacts the The conference and seminar programs include a diverse range of speakers and discussion leaders from institutions and organizations worldwide, focusing on the latest developments in sex differences in immunity ranging from infectious diseases and autoimmunity to immuno-metabolism, aging-immunity, and neuro-immunity. The conference is five days long and held in a remote location to increase the sense of camaraderie and create scientific communities, with lasting collaborations and friendships. The GRS is a two-day conference that proceeds the GRC and is dedicated to showcasing and promoting the research of early career scientists (graduate students and post- docs). In addition to cutting-edge scientific presentations, the GRC/GRS have designated time for poster sessions from individuals of all career stages, a power hour dedicated to addressing challenges to achieving equity in science among women and all underrepresented groups, and free time and communal meals to allow for informal networking with leaders in the field. functioning of the immune system and disease susceptibility and trajectory. Through intentional consideration of representation and inclusion, the 2025 GRC/GRS will promote the involvement of underrepresented minority individuals at all levels of the meeting. Requested funds will provide partial registration and travel support for invited domestic and international discussion leaders and speakers as well as for trainees and early-stage investigators. Our hope is that this conference will contribute to the growth and the nurturing of a new scientific community engaged in sex differences research to enhance the rigor and the impact of scientific endeavors. We believe that these goals are aligned with the core mission of the NIH to seek fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systems and the application of that knowledge to enhance health, lengthen life, and reduce illness and disability. In particular, they align well with NIAID’s mission to conducts and supports basic and applied research to better understand, treat, and prevent infectious, immunologic, and allergic diseases and NIA’s mission to support research on health and well-being in aging populations.