Recognized as a major public health problem for civilian and military populations, traumatic brain injury
(TBI) produces a broad range of cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and physical symptoms. These symptoms
impede community reintegration (participation in family, work, school, meaningful activities) and decrease
quality of life (QoL). TBI also has a profound impact on family caregivers, who often struggle with depression,
high levels of burden from caregiving demands, and many unmet needs. Standard approaches to TBI care
typically provide post-acute rehabilitation for recent injuries (within 1 year post injury). Yet, years after injury,
many persons still experience chronic TBI symptoms and are often left to manage these on their own.
Furthermore, standard rehabilitation focuses primarily on medical restoration to reduce deficits rather than on
symptom management, is clinic based, and rarely engages families, despite their critical role in rehabilitation.
The proposed randomized controlled trial (RCT) will evaluate an innovative rehabilitation approach for
persons with chronic TBI-related symptoms (> 1 year post injury) and their families. Based on the person-
environment fit framework, HOME (Home-based Occupational-therapy and Management of the Environment)
for Us is a 4-month, 8-session intervention delivered by occupational therapists in the home, designed to
improve community reintegration, ability to manage self-identified TBI-related problems, and quality of life in
persons with TBI. HOME targets the home environment (physical and social) to realign environmental
demands to individual strengths and deficits. HOME engages persons with TBI and family caregivers in
strategies to manage chronic TBI symptoms. It educates family members to reinforce and maintain intervention
strategies, and also addresses family needs.
Our earlier research with veterans with TBI demonstrated the efficacy of this approach in improving
community reintegration and ability to manage self-identified TBI-related problems. Family members
experienced lower depressive symptoms and caregiver burden, compared to controls, and the program was
highly acceptable to both. These findings warrant moving forward to extend the project by: including civilians
with TBI as well as veterans; using an attention-control condition; testing maintenance effects at 6 months after
treatment completion and exploring generalization to new problems or situations. A 2-group randomized
controlled trial will be conducted with 220 community-dwelling civilians and veterans with chronic TBI-related
symptoms (> 1 year post injury) and their family caregivers. Outcomes for persons with TBI will be community
reintegration, quality of life, and ability to manage patient-identified TBI-related problems. Family caregiver
outcomes will be burden, depressive symptoms, and met family needs. Treatment effects will be compared to
controls at 4 months, and maintenance and generalization effects will be evaluated at 10 months. The study
addresses a critical gap in services and research for persons with chronic TBI symptoms and their families.
