PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Suicide is now the 2nd leading cause of death among children ages 10-14 (CDC, 2022). This proposal responds
to this public health crisis by testing an intergenerational mechanistic model of suicide risk in children while
simultaneously testing a prevention and intervention approach that could be immediately useful. We focus on
children whose mothers have a history of suicidal behavior (intent, planning, attempt) as an especially vulnerable
group with increased risk for an early and persistent course of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB). Theory
and research point to emotion regulation (ER) as a potential intergenerational mechanism of suicide risk
transmission from mother to child. Maternal ER affects child ER development via maternal emotion socialization,
whereby maternal responses to child’s emotions (validating/supportive vs. invalidating/unsupportive) shape how
the child identifies, expresses, and modulates their emotions. We theorize that maternal ER, a prerequisite for
optimal maternal emotion socialization, serves as a clinically and etiologically significant pathway through which
maternal history of suicidal behavior impacts the continued development of child ER and emerging STB and
other mental health problems into adolescence. This proposal maximizes impact by leveraging a randomized
controlled trial of Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) Skills Training to improve maternal ER and testing a
mechanistic model of suicide risk transmission from mothers to their children during a critical developmental
juncture for the emergence and rapid accelaration of STB and other mental health problems. Mothers will be
randomized (1:1) to 6 months of either DBT Skills Training or Treatment As Usual (TAU), with expectation that
mothers with a history of suicidal behavior + ER difficulties who are randomly assigned to DBT Skills Training
will experience improvements in ER relative to mothers assigned to TAU. We hypothesize that DBT skills-driven
improvements in maternal ER will predict meaningful decreases in child STB from late childhood into early
adolescence through improved maternal emotion socialization and subsequent improvements in child ER. We
will enroll 250 mother-child dyads with children ages 9-11 across mother-child dyads. Dyads will complete
repeated multimodal assessments of maternal and ER, maternal emotion socialization, and child STB and other
mental health problems over 24 months: baseline (intervention initiation), 3 months (intervention mid-point) 6
months (intervention termination), 12- and 24-months (post-intervention follow-up) when children will be ages
11-13, a high-risk time for STB emergence and the onset of other mental health problems. Additionally, in families
with two caregivers, fathers/other caregivers will be invited to complete an assessment battery measuring history
of suicidal behavior and psychopathology, ER, and emotion socialization to support an exploratory examination
of these influences on child outcomes. Findings from this study will identify intergenerational mechanisms of
suicide risk and provide an intervention and prevention model for mitigating suicide risk in mother-child dyads.