7. PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
Children and adolescents (herein “youths”) treated in outpatient mental health care span a broad range
of problems and disorders, with substantial comorbidity, and their most pressing problems and treatment
needs may shift during treatment. These challenges may be addressed by treatment that is flexible and
transdiagnostic (i.e., applicable to multiple mental health problems and disorders). A recent transdiagnostic
treatment, FIRST, created in collaboration with community practitioners and intervention scientists, uses a
principle-based approach to support efficient learning and implementation by clinicians. FIRST is built upon five
empirically supported principles of change (e.g., calming, problem solving), each applicable to treatment of
depression, anxiety/OCD, trauma, and misconduct. Three open benchmarking trials of FIRST, using low-cost
clinician training and group consultation, have shown steep slopes of clinical improvement in youths treated in
outpatient clinics. The proposed randomized controlled effectiveness trial will provide a more definitive test of
FIRST, an initial investigation of a candidate mechanism of change, and tests of therapist characteristics that
may predict and moderate implementation of evidence-based practices.
The sample will be ethnically and economically diverse youths, aged 8-15, from four community
clinics—two in greater Boston MA, two in greater Austin TX—all referred by their families and all showing
elevated depression, anxiety/OCD, post-traumatic stress, or conduct problems. Clinicians within each clinic will
be randomly assigned to learn and use FIRST or to employ Usual Care (UC), and youths will be randomized to
treatment by FIRST or UC clinicians. Clinical outcomes will include change on standardized measures of
mental health and on severity of the specific problems identified as most important by each youth and each
caregiver at baseline. Study measures will include a proposed mechanism—regulation of negative emotions—
thought to be responsive to treatment and responsible for changes in mental health. Analyses will assess
whether treatment with FIRST impacts regulation, and whether improved regulation accounts for outcomes of
FIRST treatment relative to UC. Finally, the study will investigate whether clinicians’ baseline knowledge of,
attitudes toward, and motivation to use evidence-based practices predicts or moderates their implementation of
such practices in psychotherapy. The study will thus provide the first randomized trial of this new practice-
adapted transdiagnostic treatment, plus an inquiry into the process through which it may work and therapist
factors that may strengthen or weaken implementation.