Facilitating Health System Implementation of Physical Activity Screening and Referral to Community-Based Programs: Exercise is Medicine Greenville - Project Summary There is great potential for promoting physical activity (PA) for chronic disease prevention and treatment through the health care sector. Research has demonstrated effectiveness in assessing patient PA levels, providing ‘exercise prescriptions’, and referring patients to evidence-based PA programs in community settings. However, implementation barriers exist, ranging from practice integration to information flow, resulting in no major health systems integrating PA as part of a comprehensive approach to patient care. In 2016, a multi-organizational partnership between a large academic healthcare system, an academic institution, and a national PA organization launched Exercise is Medicine Greenville (EIMG), a comprehensive clinic-to- community approach that involves PA assessment, prescription, and referral of patients with chronic diseases to a tailored, community-based PA program. Since 2016, EIMG has expanded to 35 Prisma Health primary care clinics and 7 community PA facilities covering >400 miles2. Despite referring >1900 patients to date, great variability exists across participating clinics in correctly identifying eligible patients and providing EIMG referrals, reducing the overall reach and efficiency of engaging patients in the community-based PA programs. Using a pragmatic, stepped wedge, cluster randomized design, we will examine the impact of implementation facilitation (IF) on improving the implementation and reach of EIMG with patients visiting participating Prisma Health primary care clinics. At six-month intervals, 24 randomly selected clinics (6 clinics per wave; 4 waves) will receive IF planning (3mos), active IF (6mos), and post-IF maintenance (min 12mos). The specific aims of this project are to: 1) determine differences in the level of implementation (i.e., delivery fidelity) and reach (i.e., number, proportion, representativeness of patients) at Prisma primary care health clinics before and after IF, 2) assess levels of patient engagement in and the effectiveness of the 12-week, community-based PA programs, and 3) evaluate the costs of IF and the effects of increased EIMG referrals to the community-based PA program on patients costs and clinical outcomes. Our mixed methods evaluation approach is guided by the RE-AIM framework to inform the assessment of implementation outcomes, and the i-PARIHS framework to describe contextual factors (i.e., determinants) influencing patient and clinic level outcomes. Through this work, we will identify successful IF strategies across heterogeneous health settings, helping us identify and address potential inequities in the types of patients that receive EIMG referrals, are engaged in the EIMG referral pathway, and enroll and complete the community-based PA program. Study findings will provide important information on improving future implementation and scalability of PA integration in large health systems, optimizing clinic-community linkages, and the cost savings related to primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease-related health outcomes in the general patient population.
