PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT
Nontuberculous mycobacterial lung diseases, primarily due to M. avium complex (MAC), is an increasing
clinical problem nationwide and now overtakes domestic TB in terms of morbidity and mortality. It is also
harder to treat and results in poorer outcomes despite longer drug regimens. In this context NIH issued a
notice AI-17-016 to request applications for NTM diseases. Here we present a proposal from the University of
Virginia, with collaborators at the Virginia Department of Health and Virginia Tech, that addresses many of the
needs that were cited. First, we will perform whole genome sequencing of MAC isolates from all of our state's
MAC lung disease patients to discern relapse versus reinfection and the environmental sources of acquisition.
Second we will utilize a state-wide cohort of new MAC lung disease patients to correlate clinical outcomes with
MAC species, drug susceptibility, serum drug levels, and biofilm bioassay. Innovation includes the use of a
state-wide epidemiological cohort, exquisite resolution with extensive preliminary data of whole genome
sequencing to discern species and mixed infections, a comprehensive state-wide serum drug monitoring
program (as we have done already for TB), and expertise in molecular diagnostics and genotypic-phenotypic
correlations. In sum, for this most vexing clinical problem of MAC lung disease we bring to bear extensive
preliminary data, unique expertise, innovative technology, cohesive collaborations, and synergistic aims.