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Interventions in math learning disabilities: cognitive and neural correlates

Award Number: R01HD059205
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 12/15/2008
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 08/31/2031

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Interventions in math learning disabilities: cognitive and neural correlates - Project Abstract Mathematical learning disabilities (MLD) affect 7-10% of school-age children in the United States and represent a critical pathway to persistent functional innumeracy in adulthood. One in five American adults lacks the quantitative skills needed for employment and everyday activities, creating a major public health and economic burden. Despite decades of research, we still do not understand why some children with MLD respond well to intervention while others show minimal improvement, nor do we understand the neural mechanisms underlying successful remediation. This heterogeneity in treatment response represents a critical barrier to developing effective, targeted interventions. A central bottleneck in children with MLD is inefficient and error-prone strategy use in numerical problem-solving, with significant developmental delays compared to their typically-developing peers. Despite well-documented profound deficiencies in strategy use among children with MLD, no systematic interventions specifically target these core cognitive and metacognitive mechanisms. Building on our high-impact research, this project will investigate an innovative AI-Driven Arithmetic Strategy Training (ADAPT) delivered through a generative AI-powered MathBot platform. Unlike previous interventions that combined multiple instructional approaches and focused primarily on overt behavioral measures, ADAPT specifically targets strategy selection, strategy execution, and metacognitive monitoring as the primary mechanisms of remediation. The AI-powered tutor provides trial-by-trial individualized instruction—assessing each child's problem-solving approach in real-time, delivering adaptive feedback, and adjusting difficulty based on continuous performance monitoring—with precision and consistency unattainable through human tutoring. Using randomized controlled design, we will compare ADAPT to active control in children with MLD and typically-developing peers (ages 6-8), with assessments at pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 6-month follow-up. Our innovative approach integrates four cutting- edge methods: (1) trial-level neural representation plasticity analysis, (2) Bayesian Modeling of Arithmetic Problem Solving (BMAPS) characterizing latent cognitive and metacognitive processes invisible to conventional measures; (3) trial-level fMRI analyses linking neural activity to BMAPS parameters moment-by- moment; and (4) brain network analyses characterizing functional circuit reorganization. This integration will uncover neural plasticity mechanisms through which AI-driven adaptive instruction induces remediation, including changes in neural representations, functional reorganization of large-scale brain circuits, and network reconfiguration facilitating performance gains and long-term retention. This research directly addresses NICHD’s mission to enhance cognitive abilities in children with learning disabilities. Success will establish a foundation for developing evidence-based, AI-driven interventions that could be scaled to benefit vast numbers of children nationwide, substantially reducing the societal burden of functional innumeracy.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2027 ( Subtotal = $6,611 )
2027	2026	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	16	10/13/2026	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2027	2026	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	16	11/3/2026	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$6,611
														Subtotal = $6,611

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = $636,334 )
2026	2026	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	002	16	9/16/2026	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$636,334
2026	2025	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	15	9/4/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2026	2025	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	15	6/24/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $636,334

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $628,317 )
2025	2025	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	15	6/10/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$628,317
2025	2024	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	14	11/27/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $628,317

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $635,473 )
2024	2024	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	14	8/14/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$635,473
														Subtotal = $635,473

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $653,430 )
2023	2023	THE LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	13	8/16/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$653,430
														Subtotal = $653,430

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $664,083 )
2022	2022	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	002	12	9/13/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$664,083
2022	2021	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	11	11/22/2021	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2022	2019	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	10	12/29/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $664,083

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $672,205 )
2021	2021	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	002	11	9/23/2021	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$672,205
2021	2019	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	10	9/16/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2021	2019	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 JANE STANFORD WAY	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	10	4/28/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $672,205

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $606,770 )
2019	2019	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 SERRA MALL	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	10	4/16/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$606,770
														Subtotal = $606,770

Issue Date FY: 2018 ( Subtotal = $621,122 )
2018	2018	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 SERRA MALL	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	9	4/25/2018	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$62,111
2018	2018	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 SERRA MALL	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	9	2/15/2018	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$559,011
														Subtotal = $621,122

Issue Date FY: 2017 ( Subtotal = $627,231 )
2017	2017	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 SERRA MALL	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	8	6/16/2017	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$62,722
2017	2017	LELAND STANFORD JUNIOR UNIVERSITY, THE	450 SERRA MALL	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	8	2/14/2017	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$564,509
														Subtotal = $627,231

Issue Date FY: 2016 ( Subtotal = $639,226 )
2016	2016	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	7	3/11/2016	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$639,226
														Subtotal = $639,226

Issue Date FY: 2015 ( Subtotal = $649,717 )
2015	2015	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	6	4/10/2015	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$649,717
														Subtotal = $649,717

Issue Date FY: 2013 ( Subtotal = $551,935 )
2013	2013	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	5	5/21/2013	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$28,497
2013	2013	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	5	12/28/2012	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$523,438
														Subtotal = $551,935

Issue Date FY: 2012 ( Subtotal = $705,581 )
2012	2012	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	4	3/14/2012	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$60,890
2012	2012	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	4	12/12/2011	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$644,691
														Subtotal = $705,581

Issue Date FY: 2011 ( Subtotal = $721,067 )
2011	2011	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	3	6/4/2011	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$48,473
2011	2011	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	3	12/1/2010	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$672,594
														Subtotal = $721,067

Issue Date FY: 2010 ( Subtotal = $746,373 )
2010	2010	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	001	2	1/25/2010	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$67,853
2010	2010	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	2	12/1/2009	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$678,520
														Subtotal = $746,373

Issue Date FY: 2009 ( Subtotal = $1,005,215 )
2009	2009	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Child Health and Human Development Extramural Research	000	1	12/9/2008	NEW	$749,804
2009	2009	STANFORD UNIVERSITY	651 SERRA STREET, ROOM 110	STANFORD	CA	94305	SANTA CLARA	USA	Trans-NIH Recovery Act Research Support	001	1	9/24/2009	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$255,411
														Subtotal = $1,005,215

Grand Total All Awards = $10,770,690

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Interventions in math learning disabilities: cognitive and neural correlates

Award Number: R01HD059205

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 12/15/2008

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 08/31/2031

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