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Visual cortical mechanisms for the perception of self-generated vs. external motion

Award Number: R01EY031971
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/01/2020
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 08/31/2026

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Visual cortical mechanisms for the perception of self-generated vs. external motion - How do we distinguish motion in the world from similar retinal image displacements due to eye movements? This problem has special importance in diseases such as vertigo and a variety of spatial orientation disorders, where deficits in motion perception—including the suppression of self-motion—lead to devastating conse- quences. Impaired balance and motion perception substantially impact people’s daily lives, hindering spatial judgments and impeding performance during bodily motion tasks, such as ambulating or driving a vehicle. Until we know how the brain differentiates self-motion from external motion, we will be unable to develop therapeutic advances to address such disorders. Pioneering research in the 1960's - 90's—indeed the first published awake non-human primate (NHP) vision study—asked whether early cortical neurons discerned ocular from external motion, with the majority concluding that primary visual cortex (V1) neurons responded similarly to either type of motion. These studies used different tasks for self-generated vs external motion conditions, however, meaning that the respective neural responses evoked by either motion were not directly comparable. Thus, no research to date has developed a model for how neurons in V1 respond to external vs. self-generated motion. Recent work from the MPIs' labs, and others, has begun to use novel methods to directly compare self- vs real-motion responses in V1. We propose a transformative study to leverage these new techniques to evaluate the responses of V1 neurons to saccadic eye movements of all sizes under equivalent stimuli motions, with directly comparable viewing tasks in all conditions, in all layers of V1 simultaneously, and to develop a model that links the specific contributions of V1 circuits to perception. Our preliminary data suggests that V1 neurons can differentiate be- tween self-generated and external motion, driving our hypotheses: 1) V1 neurons distinguish between self- generated ocular motion vs. external retinal image motion, 2) an inhibitory feedback signal occurs during re- sponses to self-generated motion to drive the discrimination process, and 3) V1 responses to eye movements interact with responses driven by external motion in a nonlinear—though predictable—fashion, leading to both physiological and perceptual effects on the detection of retinal motion. By comparing neurophysiological re- sponses directly to perception in behaving NHPs, we will determine the contribution of V1 neurons to discerning external vs self-generated motion, as well as the provenance of any feedback (and/or perhaps feedforward) signals, using laminar analysis. These studies will establish the contributions of signals arriving to (or arising within) different V1 layers, so as to dissociate external vs self- motion. We will create quantitative models (based on our previously established models) using the new ground truth measurements from the proposed research, to determine the precise neural and perceptual consequences of each V1 circuit involved. The studies will elu- cidate loss of function in various oculomotor and neurological disorders and as such is directly relevant to the research priorities of the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Visual Processing program at the National Eye Institute.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = -$637,650 )
2026	2026	THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	002	5	9/17/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$1
2026	2023	THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	001	4	8/24/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$499,285
2026	2022	THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	000	3	8/24/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$138,366
														Subtotal = -$637,650

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2024	2023	THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	000	4	9/18/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $499,285 )
2023	2023	THE RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	001	4	9/8/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$499,285
2023	2022	RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, THE	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	000	3	10/28/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $499,285

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $484,306 )
2022	2022	RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, THE	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	000	3	9/12/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$484,306
														Subtotal = $484,306

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $658,350 )
2021	2021	RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, THE	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	001	2	8/26/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$484,306
2021	2021	RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, THE	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	000	1	11/13/2020	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$88,347
2021	2021	RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, THE	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	002	2	8/27/2021	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$85,697
														Subtotal = $658,350

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $531,585 )
2020	2020	RESEARCH FOUNDATION FOR THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW YORK, THE	450 CLARKSON AVE	BROOKLYN	NY	11203	KINGS	USA	Vision Research	000	1	8/13/2020	NEW	$531,585
														Subtotal = $531,585

Grand Total All Awards = $1,535,876

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Visual cortical mechanisms for the perception of self-generated vs. external motion

Award Number: R01EY031971

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL EYE INSTITUTE

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/01/2020

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 08/31/2026

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