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Multi-parameter investigation of factors controlling carbonyl emissions from electronic cigarettes

Award Number: R01ES033390
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 07/01/2021
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2025

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Multi-parameter investigation of factors controlling carbonyl emissions from electronic cigarettes - Title: Multi-parameter investigation of factors controlling carbonyl emissions from electronic cigarettes Abstract Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) popularity skyrocketed in recent years, especially among teens and young adults. E-cigarette use is also growing among the older population. This trend is troubling as e-cigarette aerosols contain varying levels of nicotine and other chemicals known to increase the risk of numerous adverse health effects. Carbonyl compounds, such as formaldehyde, a known human carcinogen, are the most prominent among hazardous and potentially hazardous constituents (HPHCs) found in e-cigarette aerosols. Numerous factors were reported to influence carbonyl production by e-cigarettes: e-cigarette type, power, coil material, e-cigarette liquid (e-liquid) composition, and puff topography (puff duration and puff flow rate). Differences in sampling methodology and testing protocols, as well as a limited number of parameters investigated in individual studies could have contributed to the current controversy regarding carbonyl levels in e-cigarette aerosols or the role individual factors play in their production. This study aims to resolve the outstanding questions regarding e-cigarette carbonyl emissions by performing a comprehensive multi-variable testing of the most popular devices representative of the main e-cigarette types under a wide range of use patterns. Based on the available literature data and our preliminary data, we hypothesize that (1) accurate and reproducible carbonyl measurements can be achieved only if both particle and gas phases are quantitatively collected; (2) flavoring compounds have a strong influence on carbonyl production, which depends on their chemical class, concentration and interaction with e-cigarette coil; (3) e-cigarette carbonyl emissions are a complex function of several variables that need to be investigated simultaneously. Three Specific Aims are proposed to test these hypotheses. Aim 1 will test the main carbonyl collection methods using a NIST-traceable formaldehyde standard and e-cigarette aerosols containing different amounts of liquid particulates; the best performing method will be selected for the consequent tests. Aim 2 will investigate interactions of the main flavoring compound classes with e-cigarette fresh and aged coils at different temperatures and e-liquid formulations. Aim 3 will investigate how different combinations of power, puff topography, and e-liquid viscosity affect carbonyl emissions of the main e-cigarette construction types. The main innovation in the project is an experimentally-efficient systematic investigation of the effect of various factors and their combinations on e-cigarette emissions, which is lacking in the current literature. The potential impact will include (1) a recommendation on the best sampling methodology for carbonyls in e-cigarette aerosols and (2) identification of e-cigarette and e-liquid characteristics and use parameters that are the main controlling factors for carbonyl emissions by e-cigarettes. Such information is critically needed to advise the public on potential health risks of different devices and configurations, establishing standardized testing protocols, and informing policymakers on regulating certain e-cigarette designs and/or e-liquid constituents.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = -$7,253 )
2026	2023	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	000	3	1/30/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$7,253
														Subtotal = -$7,253

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2024	2023	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	000	3	7/15/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $460,170 )
2023	2023	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	000	3	6/21/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$460,170
														Subtotal = $460,170

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $473,266 )
2022	2022	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	002	2	7/4/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$473,266
2022	2021	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	001	1	11/24/2021	NEW	$482,074
2022	2021	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	000	1	11/23/2021	NEW	-$482,074
														Subtotal = $473,266

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $482,074 )
2021	2021	NEVADA SYSTEM OF HIGHER EDUCATION	2215 RAGGIO PKWY	RENO	NV	89512	WASHOE	USA	Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Regulatory Research	000	1	6/30/2021	NEW	$482,074
														Subtotal = $482,074

Grand Total All Awards = $1,408,257

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Multi-parameter investigation of factors controlling carbonyl emissions from electronic cigarettes

Award Number: R01ES033390

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 07/01/2021

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2025

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