Project Summary
Long-term, continuous monitoring of heart electrical activities via electrocardiogram (ECG) plays a critical role in
early diagnosis and timely interventions of various heart diseases. Concurrent detections of heart mechanics via
seismocardiogram (SCG) can yield important data that complement ECG with enhanced utility in early detections
of cardiac complications. However, existing ambulatory cardiac monitors are often single-modality and can only
detect ECG. Moreover, they usually suffer from poor long-term usability because nonporous constituent materi-
als limit their user-friendliness and long-term biocompatibility. To overcome these handicaps, this project aims
to develop multifunctional porous soft materials and explore their applications in next-generation user-friendly
skin-interfaced cardiac patches with bimodality (concurrent ECG and SCG recording) and long-term biocompat-
ibility. The central hypothesis is that rationally designed porous constituent materials and judiciously tailored
device fabrication process can enable next-generation skin-interfaced wearables with outstanding user-friendli-
ness-related properties (e.g., skin-like compliance, high breathability, antimicrobial) without sacrificing their elec-
trical performances. Two research aims include i) developing multifunctional porous elastomer with antimicrobial
property via phase separation and investigating extrusion printing of silver nanowire-based conductive materials
on obtained porous elastomers; and ii) fabricating mobile cardiac monitoring system with porous materials and
evaluating its performance via on-body tests. The major innovations include (1) creation of unprecedented mul-
tifunctional porous soft materials that can simultaneously achieve skin-like compliance, high breathability, anti-
bacterial, and waterproof; (2) establishment of maskless, additive, high-throughput fabrications of bioelectronic
devices on porous materials; and (3) generation of novel skin-interfaced cardiac patch that can outperform con-
ventional ones in terms of its user-friendliness, long-term biocompatibility, and long-lasting, reliable, concurrent
ECG and SCG recording. From a clinical perspective, the enabling cardiac monitoring device can shift the current
paradigm of ambulatory cardiac monitoring and benefit the people who suffer from heart diseases by providing
unprecedented user-friendliness for patients to wear and collecting real-time, reliable, comprehensive (ECG and
SCG) data for physicians to make crucial care decisions. From a fundamental science perspective, the proposed
research concerns foundational questions in skin-interfaced wearables: how to improve the user-friendliness and
long-term biocompatibility of skin-interfaced wearables via material innovations (e.g., development of multifunc-
tional porous soft materials) and how to fabricate high-performance bioelectronics with porous materials. From
a technical perspective, the created materials and addressed fabrication principles can be used to construct
various customized skin-interfaced wearables with outstanding user-friendliness, long-term biocompatibility, and
long-lasting fidelity of biosignals recording to meet a variety of arising requirements of home-based, personalized
healthcare (e.g., monitoring of wound healing, sleep, surgical recovery, stress, COVID-19, and elderly falls).
