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Efficacy of sipIT Intervention for Increasing Urine Output in Patients with Urolithiasis

Award Number: R01DK124469
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES & DIGESTIVE & KIDNEY DISEASES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/15/2020
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 07/31/2025

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Efficacy of sipIT Intervention for Increasing Urine Output in Patients with Urolithiasis - Project Summary Kidney stones affect an estimated 8.8% of American adults and direct medical costs exceed $10 billion annually. Five-year recurrence rates for stones have been as high as 40% and a standard guideline for prevention is to increase fluid intake enough to produce > 2.5 L of urine daily. Meeting these guidelines reduces stone recurrence rates by 50-60% yet patients’ adherence to fluid intake guidelines is commonly below 50%. Usual care for preventing a recurrence involves education about increasing fluid intake and dietary changes; however, the low adherence rate indicates that many patients would benefit from additional support in adhering to fluid intake guidelines. The long-term goal of this research is to reduce the recurrence of painful and costly stones by improving patient adherence to fluid intake guidelines (secondary prevention). Digital technology offers the promise of increasing reach and supporting treatment adherence but, to date, that promise has not been fully realized in clinical trials of digital tools for supporting treatment adherence. In a series of six preliminary studies, we engaged patients in developing and testing a context-sensitive digital tool called sipIT, a just-in-time adaptive intervention to promote fluid intake and increase urine output. We learned that patients are open to using digital tools provided those tools are integrated with their lifestyle and sensitive to the changing contexts of their lives. The resulting intervention, sipIT, incorporates a novel semi-automated tracking system to trigger smartphone notifications with context-sensitive reminders to drink. The reminder system was informed by contemporary theories of habit formation to support behavior change in the eventual absence of the technology. In this application, we propose to answer question, “Does sipIT increase 24-hour urine output more than usual care over a 3-month period?” Urine output was selected as a proximal surrogate endpoint based on clinical guidelines for preventing recurrence of kidney stones. The specific aims of this project are (1) to evaluate the efficacy of sipIT vs usual care for increasing urine output in patients with a history of kidney stones, and (2) to identify biological and behavioral moderators of intervention effects on urine output (heterogeneity of treatment effects). We propose a two-arm randomized controlled trial to achieve these aims. Patients will receive either usual care + sipIT (intervention group) or usual care alone (control group). We will evaluate 24-hour urine output, urine supersaturations, and fluid intake habit strength at baseline and 1, 3, and 12 months after intervention. If successful, this research will lead to a cost-effective intervention that leverages consumer technology so it can be scaled for dissemination and implementation in clinical practice to reduce the burden and cost of stones. It advances NIDDK goals of preventing noncancerous urologic diseases and may be applied to support other dehydration-related health concerns (e.g., urinary tract infections, cognitive performance, heat stress, post-surgical hospital readmissions).


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2026	2024	THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	5	11/25/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2025	2024	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN	1109 GEDDES AVE STE 3300	ANN ARBOR	MI	48109	WASHTENAW	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	001	6	9/19/2025	CHANGE OF GRANTEE / TRAINING INSTITUTION / AWARDING INSTITUTION	$474,828
2025	2024	THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	5	9/18/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$474,828
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $474,828 )
2024	2024	THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	5	8/8/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$474,828
														Subtotal = $474,828

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $998,589 )
2023	2023	THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	001	4	8/2/2023	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$401,402
2023	2023	PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	4	7/25/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$597,187
														Subtotal = $998,589

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $620,824 )
2022	2022	PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	3	8/8/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$620,824
														Subtotal = $620,824

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $611,274 )
2021	2021	PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	2	7/16/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$611,274
														Subtotal = $611,274

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $650,657 )
2020	2020	PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY, THE	201 OLD MAIN	UNIVERSITY PARK	PA	16802	CENTRE	USA	Diabetes, Digestive, and Kidney Diseases Extramural Research	000	1	9/15/2020	NEW	$650,657
														Subtotal = $650,657

Grand Total All Awards = $3,356,172

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Efficacy of sipIT Intervention for Increasing Urine Output in Patients with Urolithiasis

Award Number: R01DK124469

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES & DIGESTIVE & KIDNEY DISEASES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/15/2020

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 07/31/2025

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