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The role of salivary sodium in gustatory responses to salt and water in humans

Award Number: R01DC017159
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 06/01/2019
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 12/31/2022

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The role of salivary sodium in gustatory responses to salt and water in humans - PROJECT SUMMARY How the vital nutrients of salt and water are sensed is not fully understood. This project will investigate these two questions in humans based upon preliminary data that suggest sodium (Na+) in saliva is an important factor in the mechanisms for sensing both nutrients. This possibility first came to light via a chance finding that exposing the tongue tip to water prior to tasting NaCl interfered with perception of saltiness and increased perception of NaCl's sweet and sour side-tastes. A subsequent experiment indicated that these effects could be counteracted by adding NaCl to water in concentrations similar to Na+ in saliva. These results provide the first evidence that salivary Na+ may be important for encoding the quality of salt taste in humans and raises the possibility that rapid dilution and rinsing of salivary Na+ from the mouth serves as a gustatory signal for water. A preliminary fMRI study has supported this hypothesis by showing that adding salivary concentrations of Na+ in the form of NaCl markedly reduces the normal brain response to water, particularly in gustatory cortex. Together these data suggest that Na+ in saliva provides a steady-state gustatory signal from which positive deviations are consistent with the arrival of salt, and negative deviations signal the arrival of pure water. We will build upon the preliminary data to test this overarching hypothesis via 3 specific aims: Aim 1 will determine if salivary Na+ facilitates encoding of NaCl saltiness rather than its side-sides tastes by measuring the taste quality and intensity of suprathreshold NaCl after exposure to pure water compared to after exposure to water containing NaCl and/or NaHCO3. KCl and KHCO3 will also be tested to rule-out osmolarity as a factor, and Na+ in unstimulated saliva will be measured (here and in Aims 2 & 3) to determine if salivary Na+ contributes to individual differences in perception of the NaCl side-tastes. Aim 2 will investigate the peripheral mechanisms and perceptual properties of the sweet and sour side-tastes using lactisole to block activity in the sweet taste receptor TAS1R2/TAS1R3 and amiloride to block the sodium channel ENaC. Finally, Aim 3 will use fMRI to test the hypothesis that the gustatory brain response to pure water depends on rinsing salivary Na+ from the tongue by measuring the response to water with and without a wide range of NaCl concentrations that encompass salivary levels of Na+. KCl will again be tested to rule-out osmolarity as a factor, and amiloride will also be used to block ENaC to determine if the gustatory brain response to water depends upon Na+ signaling via this channel.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = -$23,547 )
2023	2021	THE JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC	290 CONGRESS AVE	NEW HAVEN	CT	06519	SOUTH CENTRAL CT	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	3	7/13/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$23,547
														Subtotal = -$23,547

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $360,961 )
2021	2021	JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC., THE	290 CONGRESS AVE	NEW HAVEN	CT	06519	SOUTH CENTRAL CT	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	3	5/14/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$360,961
														Subtotal = $360,961

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $378,576 )
2020	2020	JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC., THE	290 CONGRESS AVE	NEW HAVEN	CT	06519	SOUTH CENTRAL CT	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	2	5/19/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$378,576
														Subtotal = $378,576

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $523,759 )
2019	2019	JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC., THE	290 CONGRESS AVE	NEW HAVEN	CT	06519	SOUTH CENTRAL CT	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	1	5/28/2019	NEW	$537,476
2019	2019	JOHN B. PIERCE LABORATORY, INC., THE	290 CONGRESS AVE	NEW HAVEN	CT	06519	SOUTH CENTRAL CT	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	1	5/31/2019	NEW	-$13,717
														Subtotal = $523,759

Grand Total All Awards = $1,239,749

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The role of salivary sodium in gustatory responses to salt and water in humans

Award Number: R01DC017159

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 06/01/2019

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 12/31/2022

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