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The perception of odor blends and mixtures: Modulation, Inhibition and Enhancement of Olfactory Receptors alters perception of complex blends

Award Number: R01DC013553
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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Project Summary/Abstract This is a continuation of an existing program funded by an RO1 that seeks to understand fundamental questions about the nature of the olfactory stimulus and its discrimination by primary sensory receptors, in order to better grasp the nature of the signal being forwarded to the brain. We supplement the standard organic chemistry approach to odor classification with one that includes a biological perspective based in principles of medicinal chemistry pioneered in the pharmaceutical industry and drug development. This allows us to not only consider physical chemical characteristics of molecules but also how they interact with the many olfactory receptors. This work, like much of olfactory cellular studies, utilized monomolecular stimuli to probe receptor function. However the olfactory system is usually confronted with complex stimulus blends of between tens and hundreds of components. To better understand the complexity of mixture discrimination we have begun utilizing a novel microscopic technique, SCAPE – that allows us to visualize large numbers of individual neurons in an intact tissue with single cell temporal and spatial resolution. Preliminary data from that work showed a remarkable and unexpected degree of inhibition and enhancement of responses by one component of the mixture on other components of the mixture. This raises a fundamental issue in olfactory discrimination as there appears to be considerable interaction between stimuli at the primary receptor, raising crucial questions about how the brain perceives and manages signals that differ depending on the presence of particular odors in a blend. It appears that many, if not all, odors can act as either an agonist or antagonist at different receptors. Thus depending on whether or not an antagonist to odor X, for example, exists in the blend, the signal from odor X will appear different to the brain. This level of complexity is unusual in sensory systems where signal processing of this sort occurs in the brain not the primary receptors. Understanding higher brain processing olfactory signals will require a greater understanding of the initial events at primary receptors. The olfactory code is more than the additive contributions of the olfactory receptors.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $305,226 )
2024	2024	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	202 LOW LIBRARY 535 W 116 ST MC 4309,	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	10	11/16/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$305,226
														Subtotal = $305,226

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $339,140 )
2023	2023	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	202 LOW LIBRARY 535 W 116 ST MC 4309,	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	9	11/18/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$305,226
2023	2023	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	202 LOW LIBRARY 535 W 116 ST MC 4309,	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	9	1/13/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$33,914
														Subtotal = $339,140

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $339,140 )
2022	2022	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	202 LOW LIBRARY 535 W 116 ST MC 4309,	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	8	4/22/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$33,914
2022	2022	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	8	11/16/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$305,226
														Subtotal = $339,140

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $339,140 )
2021	2021	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	7	1/7/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$33,914
2021	2021	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	7	11/12/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$305,226
														Subtotal = $339,140

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $541,640 )
2020	2020	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	6	12/9/2019	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$339,140
2020	2020	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	6	6/26/2020	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$202,500
														Subtotal = $541,640

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2019	2018	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	5	9/24/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2018 ( Subtotal = $333,611 )
2018	2018	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	5	6/28/2018	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$333,611
														Subtotal = $333,611

Issue Date FY: 2017 ( Subtotal = $333,611 )
2017	2017	TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK, THE	116TH AND BDWY	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	4	6/13/2017	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$333,611
														Subtotal = $333,611

Issue Date FY: 2016 ( Subtotal = $333,611 )
2016	2016	COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY	615 WEST 131ST ST, 4TH FLOOR	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	3	6/1/2016	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$333,611
														Subtotal = $333,611

Issue Date FY: 2015 ( Subtotal = $330,274 )
2015	2015	COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY	615 WEST 131ST ST, 4TH FLOOR	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	2	6/10/2015	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$330,274
														Subtotal = $330,274

Issue Date FY: 2014 ( Subtotal = $333,611 )
2014	2014	COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY	615 WEST 131ST ST, 4TH FLOOR	NEW YORK	NY	10027	NEW YORK	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	1	7/15/2014	NEW	$333,611
														Subtotal = $333,611

Grand Total All Awards = $3,529,004

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The perception of odor blends and mixtures: Modulation, Inhibition and Enhancement of Olfactory Receptors alters perception of complex blends

Award Number: R01DC013553

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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