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The Development of Real Time Spoken and Written Word Recognition: Cognitive Bases of Language and Educational Outcomes

Award Number: R01DC008089
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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PROJECT SUMMARY Language and reading impairments affect 16%-20% of US children, and are stable, persisting through adolescence and adulthood. Deficits in even low level skills like phonological processing and spoken word recognition persist through adulthood, and half of middle-school struggling readers show deficits in decoding and written word recognition. This proposal examines the development of spoken and written word recognition during late childhood. While words are a low-level language skill at these ages, they are central to language, linking phonology, orthography, and meaning. At a cognitive level, word recognition is seen as a competition process. As the input (e.g., wizard) is heard (or read) people consider multiple partially matching words (whistle, lizard) which compete over time. Prior work assessed this in children using a paradigm in which listeners match words to pictures while eye-movements are monitored. As listeners begin to hear a word their eyes move between candidates. These fixations reveal momentary consideration of alternative words and trace the dynamics of competition over milliseconds. We applied this to children, showing that competition is resolved more automatically between 9 and 16 years. Adolescents with language impairment showed a different pattern: they were similarly automatic, but did not fully resolve competition by the end of processing. This research documents that real-time processing develops, but it is unclear how. In older children, it is likely due to multiple causes such as vocabulary growth, the organization of phonological systems, the onset of reading instruction, and changes in executive function. This project examines the development and disorders in the automaticity and degree of competition resolution during lexical processing. It examines both spoken and written word processing to unpack the relationship between language and reading, and identify outcomes (good and poor) linked to differences in real-time processing. The first aim is to determine the cognitive and developmental factors that shape real-time word recognition, and the consequences of this for language and reading outcomes. We conduct an accelerated longitudinal study of 400 children (normal and impaired) between 7 and 12 combining eye-tracking measures of word recognition with tests of phonological processing, reading, vocabulary, and executive function. The second aim uses cross-sectional laboratory studies to examine the consequences of differences in real-time processing for learning and for related processes like semantic processing (meaning) or orthographic decoding (mapping sound to print). The third aim uses laboratory training procedures to understand plasticity in real-time lexical processing; this may pave the way for potential interventions targeting lexical processing. Finally, the fourth aim develops computational models of normal and disordered lexical processing to attain a deeper understanding of what mechanisms of language processing are changing with development or differ in disordered language users.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2025	2023	THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	13	10/31/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $854,922 )
2023	2023	THE UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	13	1/20/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$85,492
2023	2023	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	13	11/9/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$769,430
														Subtotal = $854,922

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $1,108,327 )
2022	2022	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	12	4/20/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$110,834
2022	2022	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	12	11/16/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$997,493
														Subtotal = $1,108,327

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $1,119,373 )
2021	2021	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	11	1/8/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$111,939
2021	2021	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	11	11/13/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$1,007,434
														Subtotal = $1,119,373

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $1,155,785 )
2020	2020	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	10	12/11/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$580,465
2020	2020	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	002	10	8/31/2020	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$510,823
2020	2020	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	10	1/15/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$64,497
														Subtotal = $1,155,785

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $626,999 )
2019	2019	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	9	11/16/2018	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$626,999
2019	2019	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	003	9	5/17/2019	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$162
2019	2016	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	002	8	5/17/2019	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	-$162
2019	2016	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	8	11/14/2018	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$0
														Subtotal = $626,999

Issue Date FY: 2018 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2018	2016	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA, THE	105 JESSUP HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	8	11/28/2017	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2016 ( Subtotal = $314,612 )
2016	2016	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	8	2/17/2016	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$31,462
2016	2016	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	8	12/24/2015	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$283,150
														Subtotal = $314,612

Issue Date FY: 2015 ( Subtotal = $311,465 )
2015	2015	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	7	1/13/2015	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$28,315
2015	2015	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	7	12/17/2014	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$283,150
														Subtotal = $311,465

Issue Date FY: 2014 ( Subtotal = $314,612 )
2014	2014	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	6	2/5/2014	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$31,462
2014	2014	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	6	1/7/2014	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$283,150
														Subtotal = $314,612

Issue Date FY: 2013 ( Subtotal = $298,881 )
2013	2013	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	5	12/12/2012	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$283,150
2013	2013	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	5	5/10/2013	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$15,731
														Subtotal = $298,881

Issue Date FY: 2012 ( Subtotal = $314,612 )
2012	2012	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	4	1/6/2012	COMPETING CONTINUATION	$314,612
														Subtotal = $314,612

Issue Date FY: 2011 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2011	2009	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	3	11/24/2010	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2009 ( Subtotal = $376,989 )
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Trans-NIH Recovery Act Research Support	002	3	7/15/2009	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$128,861
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	001	3	3/16/2009	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$24,812
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	3	12/10/2008	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$223,316
														Subtotal = $376,989

Issue Date FY: 2008 ( Subtotal = $248,445 )
2008	2008	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	2	12/21/2007	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$248,445
														Subtotal = $248,445

Issue Date FY: 2007 ( Subtotal = $248,222 )
2007	2007	UNIVERSITY OF IOWA	2 GILMORE HALL	IOWA CITY	IA	52242	JOHNSON	USA	Research Related to Deafness and Communication Disorders	000	1	1/8/2007	NEW	$248,222
														Subtotal = $248,222

Grand Total All Awards = $7,293,244

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The Development of Real Time Spoken and Written Word Recognition: Cognitive Bases of Language and Educational Outcomes

Award Number: R01DC008089

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DEAFNESS AND OTHER COMMUNICATION DISORDERS

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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