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Examining the synergistic effects of cannabis and prescription opioid policies on chronic pain, opioid prescribing, and opioid overdose

Award Number: R01DA045872
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 01/01/2019
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 11/30/2025

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Examining the synergistic effects of cannabis and prescription opioid policies on chronic pain, opioid prescribing, and opioid overdose - Abstract The rapid rise in opioid overdose deaths in the past 17 years has coincided with a tripling of prescription opioid (PO) prescriptions dispensed, largely to treat chronic pain. Increased co-prescription of benzodiazepines (BZDs) and opioids also substantially increased the risk of overdose. Cannabis has been proposed as an alternative treatment for chronic pain that could ameliorate opioid withdrawal symptoms and assist in recovery from opioid and BZD dependence. Two major policy shifts are likely to change prescribing practices and abuse of POs and BZDs. First, in the past decade, most states have enacted policies that regulate PO prescribing and dispensing. Second, since 1996, 29 states have legalized use of cannabis for medical purposes, and 9 states have legalized cannabis for recreational use. Policies that regulate access to POs may decrease the number of opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and co-occurring PO/BZD prescribing, while laws that allow greater access to cannabis may offer a substitute for POs, heroin, and BZDs. The combination of stricter PO policies and less restrictive cannabis laws may reduce opioid-related harm to a greater extent than either measure alone. As states make unprecedented changes to PO policies and cannabis laws, we need to examine the independent and synergistic contributions that both types of measures have on opioid prescribing practices and opioid overdoses, with and without BZDs. We propose to pursue this aim in two populations: (1) in the U.S. population, using repeated cross-sectional data of individuals nested in states from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health; and (2) among Medicaid patients with chronic pain (who have 10 times greater risk of opioid use disorder relative to privately insured patients), using a 45-state Medicaid Analytic Extract longitudinal cohort. Our specific aims are: (1) to examine, in NSDUH, whether nonmedical use of POs, BZDs and heroin, and opioid and BZD use disorders decrease (and cannabis use/disorder increases) following enactment of more restrictive PO policies and less restrictive cannabis laws in 2004-2019, compared to trends in states that did not enact these measures; and (2) to test whether Medicaid patients are less likely to have claims for opioid prescribing (alone and overlapping with BZDs), clinic visits for chronic pain, and opioid overdoses (with and without co-occurring BZD overdose) following enactment of more restrictive PO policies and less restrictive cannabis laws in 2001-2019, compared to patients in states that did not enact these measures. For Aim 2, we will sample 10,000 Medicaid patients with chronic pain per year, follow each cohort for 4 years (n=190,000), and combine the cohorts to construct an accelerated longitudinal cohort. States will be classified by how restrictive or lenient their PO policies are (e.g., prescription drug monitoring programs, pain clinic regulations), and whether they legalized cannabis for medical and/or recreational use. At a time when opioid overdose deaths are increasing at an unprecedented rate, this study will provide critical, policy-relevant findings about the types of policies that are most likely to end the opioid epidemic.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = -$41 )
2026	2023	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	5	5/19/2026	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$41
														Subtotal = -$41

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = -$51,177 )
2025	2023	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	5	11/18/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2025	2023	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	5	10/1/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$51,177
														Subtotal = -$51,177

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $698,514 )
2023	2023	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	5	1/12/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$69,851
2023	2023	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	5	11/25/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$628,663
														Subtotal = $698,514

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $716,381 )
2022	2022	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	4	3/23/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$71,640
2022	2022	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	4	11/9/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$644,741
														Subtotal = $716,381

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $904,233 )
2021	2021	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	3	2/19/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$90,424
2021	2021	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	3	11/4/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$813,809
														Subtotal = $904,233

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $904,567 )
2020	2020	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	2	2/7/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$70,540
2020	2020	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	002	2	8/18/2020	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$199,172
2020	2020	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	2	11/13/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$634,855
														Subtotal = $904,567

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $1,042,813 )
2019	2019	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	1	9/20/2019	SUPPLEMENT FOR EXPANSION	$312,560
2019	2019	NEW YORK UNIVERSITY	550 1ST AVE	NEW YORK	NY	10016	NEW YORK	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	1	12/19/2018	NEW	$730,253
														Subtotal = $1,042,813

Grand Total All Awards = $4,215,291

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Examining the synergistic effects of cannabis and prescription opioid policies on chronic pain, opioid prescribing, and opioid overdose

Award Number: R01DA045872

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 01/01/2019

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 11/30/2025

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