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The Determinants of Tobacco Relapse and Initiation Following a Period of Forced Abstinence in the U.S. Military: A Social Ecological Approach

Award Number: R01DA043468
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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The Determinants of Tobacco Relapse and Initiation Following a Period of Forced Abstinence in the U.S. Military: A Social Ecological Approach - While the military has taken steps to reduce tobacco use for the past two decades, 26.9% of new military recruits report regular tobacco use prior to enlistment,7 and 28.5% of Airmen report regular use one year into service. The prevalence of tobacco increases in Airmen’s first year in the Air Force despite a ban on tobacco during the first 10 ½ weeks of training and 63.0% of Airmen being “completely confident” they will remain tobacco free one year later.7 What is most troubling is the high rate of initiation among never users. Within the first year of Air Force service, 20.4% of never users initiate regular tobacco use and 67.0% of former users re- initiate, and 76.2% of this use occurs during Technical Training. These high rates of initiation/re-initiation are occurring despite the fact that there are rigorous anti-tobacco regulations on all Department of Defense military bases, suggesting that there is something unique about the Technical Training environment leading to this initiation/re-initiation. To date, no studies have assessed the impact of the tobacco built environment in this “natural experiment” of forced abstinence and rapid relapse. In addition, no studies have measured the influence that Technical Training leadership, including Commanders, Military Training Leaders, and Technical Training Instructors, have on Airmen’s behavior during Air Force Technical Training. Informed by the Social Ecologic Model, the Specific Aims of this Early Stage Investigator project are to: (1) Refine existing measures to determine knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors related to tobacco use among Airmen, Military Training Leaders and Instructors (Phase 1). During Year 1, conduct focus groups with Airmen, Military Training Leaders and Instructors at the 5 largest Air Force Technical Training schools (Lackland AFB, Fort Sam Houston, Keesler AFB, Sheppard AFB, and Goodfellow AFB) to inform the adaptation and development of measures. (2) Determine the influence of Airmen’s, Military Training Leaders’ and Instructors’, and Commanders’ knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and behaviors related to tobacco use on Airmen’s tobacco use during Technical Training (Phase 2). Beginning in Year 2, survey 10,000 Airmen at the beginning and end of Technical Training, survey 200 Military Training Leaders and 190 Instructors, and conduct interviews with all base Commanders as they turnover throughout the study at 5 Technical Training schools (N=102). (3) Determine the impact of the tobacco built environment (e.g., number, density, proximity of tobacco retail outlets, tobacco availability, pricing, placement, and promotion) both on and around the base perimeter on Airmen’s tobacco use (Phase 2).


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = -$57,780 )
2025	2023	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 EMMET ST N	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	5	4/28/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	-$57,780
														Subtotal = -$57,780

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2024	2023	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 EMMET ST N	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	5	12/14/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $627,326 )
2023	2023	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	5	1/11/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$62,732
2023	2023	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	5	11/25/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$564,594
														Subtotal = $627,326

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $626,506 )
2022	2022	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	4	3/23/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$62,650
2022	2022	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	4	12/22/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$563,856
														Subtotal = $626,506

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $626,137 )
2021	2021	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	3	12/4/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$563,522
2021	2021	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	001	3	2/22/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$62,615
														Subtotal = $626,137

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $0 )
2020	2019	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	2	3/3/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $0

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $630,191 )
2019	2019	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	2	2/12/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$630,191
														Subtotal = $630,191

Issue Date FY: 2018 ( Subtotal = $650,440 )
2018	2018	RECTOR & VISITORS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA	1001 N EMMET ST	CHARLOTTESVILLE	VA	22903	CHARLOTTESVILLE CITY	USA	Drug Use and Addiction Research Programs	000	1	4/18/2018	NEW	$650,440
														Subtotal = $650,440

Grand Total All Awards = $3,102,820

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The Determinants of Tobacco Relapse and Initiation Following a Period of Forced Abstinence in the U.S. Military: A Social Ecological Approach

Award Number: R01DA043468

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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