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Modeling of Viral Load Trajectories for HIV Cure Research

Award Number: R01AI170254
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 08/24/2022
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 07/31/2026

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Modeling of Viral Load Trajectories for HIV Cure Research - The world urgently needs to advance the HIV cure research agenda to address the persistently high global HIV prevalence and associated mortality. Despite the success of combined antiretroviral therapy (ART) in achieving sustained control of viral replication, the concerns about side-effects, drug-drug interactions, drug resistance and cost call for a need to identify strategies for achieving HIV eradication or an ART-free remission. Following ART withdrawal, patients' viral load levels usually increase rapidly to a peak followed by a dip, and then stabilize at a viral load set point. Characterizing features of the viral rebound trajectories (e.g., time to viral rebound and viral set points) after analytic antiretroviral treatment interruption (ATI) and identifying host, virological, and immunological factors that are predictive of these features are central to HIV cure research. But doing so requires addressing a variety of analytical challenges, including the non-linear viral rebound trajectories, coarsened data due to the assay's limit of quantification, intermittent measurements of viral load values, small sample sizes from individual studies, and high-dimensional candidate predictors. Motivated by our ongoing collaborations with HIV cure research investigators and built on our previous work, we aim to address key methodological gaps by leveraging data from multiple randomized studies conducted by the AIDS Clinical Trials Group and from the Zurich Primary HIV Infection Cohort. Aim 1 proposes to develop a new set of methods for prediction of time to viral rebound based on comprehensive history profiles, such as the rate of viral decay after ART initiation, extending fitting algorithms and variable selection techniques developed for interval-censored outcomes. Aim 2 proposes to fit the viral rebound model using a Smoothed Simulated Pseudo Maximum likelihood method which maximizes a smoothed simulated objective function constructed based on a Monte Carlo approximation of the first two moments of the smoothed responses, and to develop methods to assess the association between time to rebound and the viral set point and to simultaneously select biomarkers that affect different finer features of the viral rebound trajectory. Aim 3 proposes to develop methods that optimally integrate data from multiple cohorts and different phases of viral load trajectories while properly accounting for the homogeneity and heterogeneity in covariate effects across studies. Innovation lies in the development and application of new methods for modeling viral rebound that address various inherent challenges in analyses of available data. Significance lies in the role of these methods in better characterizing viral rebound trajectories, identifying pre- ATI predictors, and assessing the effects and mechanisms of novel therapeutic agents. The results of the proposed research can inform optimal design of future ATI studies and provide new tools that can extract more information from data collected in completed and ongoing ATI studies. These new insights are useful in the discovery of pre-ATI predictors of better viremia control post ATI and evaluation of interventions that target different components of viral rebound process, ultimately improving our capacity to find a cure for HIV.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $402,803 )
2025	2025	HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE INC	1 WELLNESS WAY	CANTON	MA	02021	NORFOLK	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	4	9/2/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$402,803
														Subtotal = $402,803

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $402,867 )
2024	2024	HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE INC	1 WELLNESS WAY	CANTON	MA	02021	NORFOLK	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	3	8/1/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$402,867
														Subtotal = $402,867

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $401,788 )
2023	2023	HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE INC	1 WELLNESS WAY	CANTON	MA	02021	NORFOLK	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	2	7/22/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$401,788
														Subtotal = $401,788

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $432,574 )
2022	2022	HARVARD PILGRIM HEALTH CARE INC	93 WORCESTER ST	WELLESLEY	MA	02481	NORFOLK	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	1	8/24/2022	NEW	$432,574
														Subtotal = $432,574

Grand Total All Awards = $1,640,032

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Modeling of Viral Load Trajectories for HIV Cure Research

Award Number: R01AI170254

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 08/24/2022

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 07/31/2026

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