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Antigenic and virological traits of HIV-1 breakthrough infections in the VRC01 antibody-mediated prevention Phase 2b trial in sub-Saharan Africa

Award Number: R01AI152115
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 04/17/2020
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 03/31/2026

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Antigenic and virological traits of HIV-1 breakthrough infections in the VRC01 antibody-mediated prevention Phase 2b trial in sub-Saharan Africa - PROJECT SUMMARY Whether through active or passive immunization, broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) will likely form a cornerstone of HIV prevention. This application proposes an ancillary study of the African component of the antibody-mediated prevention trial (AMP) (HVTN 703/HPTN 081). The AMP study is the first proof-of-concept trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a bNAb (VRC01) to block HIV acquisition. Our team is involved in the laboratory investigations to measure serum levels associated with protection, and through sieve analysis, to determine how predicted genotypic features correlate with prevention efficacy. The goal of this application is to provide a deeper understanding on how HIV-1 diversity affects the amount of antibody needed to prevent infection; and the clinical consequences of infection with VRC01-resistant viruses. The extreme diversity of circulating HIV strains, together with the flexibility of the Envelope protein (Env) in evading immune pressure, could threaten the effectiveness of immunization studies. Utilizing sequence data and functional env clones from AMP breakthrough infections, the first aim will provide an up-to-date bNAb sensitivity profile of circulating strains, providing data useful for future clinical trials. This analysis will be done using the standardized Env-pseudotyped assay, and a subset will also be evaluated using infectious env clones generated in PBMCs to verify these data. The parent protocol sieve analysis will predict genetic features that affect VRC01 neutralization susceptibility and resistance, and the second aim of this application will experimentally validate these predictions, as well as evaluate how the cognate Env of breakthrough infections influences the impact of these mutations. This will provide experimental data on how changes in envelope affect the amount of antibody needed for prevention of infection. Lastly, VRC01 escape mutations have been associated with reduced viral fitness and we will compare fitness of VRC01-resistant and sensitive viruses and determine how this affects key clinical markers such as HIV viral load and CD4 counts. The HVTN 703/HPTN 081 trial provides a unique opportunity to define the impact of diversity on bNAb efficacy in a sub-Saharan Africa setting where new prevention approaches are still urgently needed. This study will be led by investigators at the University of Cape Town and the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, in collaboration with the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, and includes a training partnership with North-West University in Mahikeng, South Africa. Information generated in this proposal will support the next phase of combination passive immunization trials and will provide seminal data to understand the prevention efficacy of VRC01.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $327,638 )
2024	2024	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	CAPE TOWN				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	002	5	3/28/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$327,638
2024	2021	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	CAPE TOWN				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	001	2	3/21/2024	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2024	2020	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	CAPE TOWN				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	1	3/14/2024	NEW	$0
														Subtotal = $327,638

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $333,359 )
2023	2023	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	CAPE TOWN				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	002	4	7/6/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2023	2023	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	CAPE TOWN				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	4	5/11/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$333,359
2023	2023	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	CAPE TOWN				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	001	4	6/21/2023	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
														Subtotal = $333,359

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $336,419 )
2022	2022	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	RONDEBOSCH				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	3	4/12/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$336,419
														Subtotal = $336,419

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $340,958 )
2021	2021	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	RONDEBOSCH				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	001	2	4/6/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$0
2021	2021	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	RONDEBOSCH				ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	2	3/26/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$340,958
														Subtotal = $340,958

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $348,710 )
2020	2020	UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN	LOVERS WALK	RONDEBOSCH		007700		ZAF	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	1	4/17/2020	NEW	$348,710
														Subtotal = $348,710

Grand Total All Awards = $1,687,084

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Antigenic and virological traits of HIV-1 breakthrough infections in the VRC01 antibody-mediated prevention Phase 2b trial in sub-Saharan Africa

Award Number: R01AI152115

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 04/17/2020

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 03/31/2026

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