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Schistosomiasis at the edge of elimination: characterizing sources of new infections in residual transmission hotspots

Award Number: R01AI134673
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Schistosomiasis, a waterborne infection that affects approximately 200 million people, persists in some areas despite aggressive control measures, for reasons that are not well understood. Hotspots of schistosomiasis persistence and reemergence have been documented in parts of China and, more recently, sub-Saharan Africa. These hotspots threaten to disrupt global targets for schistosomiasis elimination, and highlight the need to understand the origins of new infections in these areas to improve control strategies. Plausible infection sources include human hosts within a community, other mammalian species, and imported infections via, for example, mobile human hosts. However, the actual contributions of such sources to the sustained transmission of complex macroparasites such as schistosomiasis in areas under control pressure is poorly resolved. Genomic tools offer the potential to discern detailed transmission pathways, even for highly inbred parasites such as schistosomes. The proposed research leverages genomic approaches and longitudinal epidemiological data to identify origins of new infections in transmission hotspots. High-resolution sequencing and analysis methods for Schistosoma japonicum will be used to infer parasite ancestry across generations, allowing identification of hosts that serve as infection sources. Over ten years of longitudinal data from southwest China, and ongoing access to schistosomiasis hotspots will be used to characterize host and village-level characteristics that predict the contribution of distinct hosts and the contributions of parasite import to transmission. Specifically, the three proposed aims will evaluate evidence that high transmission human hosts (superspreaders) serve as sources of new infections (Aim 1), identify the conditions that facilitate the contributions of non-human hosts to infection (Aim 2), and test for and identify if present key pathways of parasite import (Aim 3). The ambitious goals for the control of schistosomiasis and other neglected tropical diseases and the persistence of the disease in transmission hotspots despite control measures highlights the need for new approaches to prevent transmission. By determining the extent to which new infections are coming from human hosts, animal hosts, or movement between villages, it will be possible to fine-tune control efforts to focus on key sources of infection in areas approaching elimination.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2023 ( Subtotal = $633,639 )
2023	2023	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	5	10/28/2022	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$633,639
														Subtotal = $633,639

Issue Date FY: 2022 ( Subtotal = $696,851 )
2022	2022	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	4	10/14/2021	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$696,851
														Subtotal = $696,851

Issue Date FY: 2021 ( Subtotal = $711,357 )
2021	2021	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	3	10/30/2020	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$711,357
														Subtotal = $711,357

Issue Date FY: 2020 ( Subtotal = $712,522 )
2020	2020	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	2	11/15/2019	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$712,522
														Subtotal = $712,522

Issue Date FY: 2019 ( Subtotal = $746,159 )
2019	2019	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	001	1	2/4/2019	NEW	$0
2019	2019	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	002	1	5/16/2019	NEW	$0
2019	2019	REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO, THE	13001 E 17TH PLACE F428	AURORA	CO	80045	ADAMS	USA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	1	11/21/2018	NEW	$746,159
														Subtotal = $746,159

Grand Total All Awards = $3,500,528

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Schistosomiasis at the edge of elimination: characterizing sources of new infections in residual transmission hotspots

Award Number: R01AI134673

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

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