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POPULATION STRUCTURE AND TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX

Award Number: R01AI075416
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 07/01/2008
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2012

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POPULATION STRUCTURE AND TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX - DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The purpose of this research is to characterize the genetic structure and transmission dynamics of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax, with the long-term goal of understanding the evolutionary biology of this species and its potential implications for malaria treatment and control. Plasmodium vivax is associated with 70-80 million clinical cases of malaria reported each year, with 2.6 billion people at risk of infection worldwide. Institutions based in two P. vivax-endemic countries, Brazil and Sri Lanka, are partnering with leading research groups in the USA to address the following specific research aims: 1) To estimate levels of microsatellite diversity, single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density and recombination rates and to examine the geographic structure of worldwide populations of P. vivax; 2) To examine the transmission dynamics of genetically distinct P. vivax strains in a well-characterized cohort of malaria-exposed subjects and determine the rate at which new haplotypes are introduced or disappear in the population; 3) To carry out SNP and microsatellite discovery across a 300-kb chromosome segment of four representative strains of P. vivax and to standardize high-throughput strategies for large-scale typing of these SNPs in field isolates; 4) To compare these 300-kb of DNA sequence of P. vivax with the corresponding sequence in one of its closest relatives, the monkey malaria parasite P. knowlesi, to obtain estimates of single-nucleotide mutation rates and SNP density for various types of DNA sequence (microsatellite repeats vs. complex sequences, coding vs. noncoding DNA) of P. vivax and to allow the identification of genes under positive selection across this chromosome segment. This in-depth analysis of the mechanisms that create and maintain genetic variation in this human malaria parasite will provide crucial information to predict how fast novel phenotypes of public health importance, such as drug resistance and new antigenic variants, originate and spread in natural populations of P. vivax. In addition, the estimates of recombination rates in different parasite populations, to be generated by the chromosome-wide analysis of informative microsatellite and SNP loci in field-collected isolates, facilitate the design of genome-wide association mapping studies to identify genes that are responsible for important parasite traits in diverse epidemiological settings.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2011 ( Subtotal = $78,032 )
2011	2011	UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO	CAIXA POSTAL 11.273-9	SAO PAULO				BRA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	4	7/8/2011	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$78,032
														Subtotal = $78,032

Issue Date FY: 2010 ( Subtotal = $78,606 )
2010	2010	UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO	CAIXA POSTAL 11.273-9	SAO PAULO				BRA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	3	6/1/2010	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$78,606
														Subtotal = $78,606

Issue Date FY: 2009 ( Subtotal = $78,600 )
2009	2009	UNIVERSITY OF SAO PAULO	CAIXA POSTAL 11.273-9	SAO PAULO				BRA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	2	7/17/2009	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$78,600
														Subtotal = $78,600

Issue Date FY: 2008 ( Subtotal = $79,200 )
2008	2008	UNIVERSIDADE DE SAO PAULO	AVE LINEU PRESTES 1374	SAO PAULO				BRA	Allergy and Infectious Diseases Research	000	1	6/20/2008	NEW	$79,200
														Subtotal = $79,200

Grand Total All Awards = $314,438

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POPULATION STRUCTURE AND TRANSMISSION DYNAMICS OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX

Award Number: R01AI075416

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY & INFECTIOUS DISEASES

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 07/01/2008

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 06/30/2012

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