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Alzheimer's Special Care Units in Nursing Homes: Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Resident Outcomes, and State Policies

Award Number: R01AG087296
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/01/2024
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 05/31/2028

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Alzheimer's Special Care Units in Nursing Homes: Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Resident Outcomes, and State Policies - PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Alzheimer's special care units (SCUs) are a promising care model for nursing home residents with Alzheimer's Disease & Related Dementias (ADRD). SCUs provide higher quality care and improve outcomes for residents with ADRD. Our preliminary analysis further found that, in facilities with an SCU, the disparities in 3-month hospitalization rates and pressure ulcers between Hispanic and White residents were eliminated or greatly reduced. Despite the benefits of SCUs, racial and ethnic minority residents are less likely to access SCUs than White residents, suggesting that lack of SCU access may be a mechanistic pathway responsible for disparities in outcomes. Currently, SCUs are available in only 14% of nursing homes and access varies substantially across states. State Medicaid policies and SCU regulations can incentivize or disincentivize nursing homes to develop SCUs. By analyzing national Medicare claims and resident assessment data, as well as unique Ohio surveys of SCUs and resident and family satisfaction with care, we propose to understand the extent to which racial and ethnic differences in SCU access contribute to disparities in outcomes, and the associations of current state policies and regulations with SCU availability. The specific aims are: Aim 1) To examine disparities in access to Alzheimer's SCUs among Black and Hispanic residents with ADRD; Aim 2) To understand SCU access as a pathway to disparities in health outcomes among Black and Hispanic residents with ADRD; and Aim 3) To investigate which state policies are associated with increased availability of SCUs. The primary analyses will study the 819,415 newly-admitted long-stay residents with ADRD in 15,305 nursing homes from 2011 to 2019. The decomposition method will uncover factors that explain disparities in SCU access among Black and Hispanic residents, and mediation analyses will assess how differences in SCU access contribute to racial and ethnic disparities in health outcomes. Dominance analyses will evaluate the contribution of specific SCU characteristics (physical environment, staffing, and physician involvement) to health outcomes and resident and family satisfaction, as well as reduced racial and ethnic disparities. We will also analyze 2020- 2024 data to examine whether our findings hold during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Hierarchical Generalized Linear Mixed Models and Difference-in-Differences method will explore which state policies (e.g., supplementary payments for SCU care, Medicaid payment-to-cost ratios, regulations about staffing or training) are associated with SCU availability. Understanding the role of SCU access in racial and ethnic disparities in ADRD-related outcomes can inform policymakers as they seek to mitigate disparities in nursing home care.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $386,300 )
2025	2025	EMORY UNIVERSITY	201 DOWMAN DR NE	ATLANTA	GA	30322	DEKALB	USA	Aging Research	000	2	7/14/2025	NON-COMPETING CONTINUATION	$386,300
														Subtotal = $386,300

Issue Date FY: 2024 ( Subtotal = $424,184 )
2024	2024	EMORY UNIVERSITY	201 DOWMAN DR NE	ATLANTA	GA	30322	DEKALB	USA	Aging Research	000	1	8/28/2024	NEW	$424,184
														Subtotal = $424,184

Grand Total All Awards = $810,484

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Alzheimer's Special Care Units in Nursing Homes: Racial and Ethnic Disparities, Resident Outcomes, and State Policies

Award Number: R01AG087296

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/01/2024

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 05/31/2028

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