PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT
We propose to develop, use and share two important resources for the study of cognitively unimpaired (CU) 50-
90 year-old persons at six levels of genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) due to their apolipoprotein E (APOE)
genotype. The Arizona APOE Cohort will include 300 CU persons with the APOE2/2, 2/3, 3/3, 2/4, 3/4 and 4/4
genotypes who are stratified for genotype and age decile and matched for sex and education. They will provide
a comprehensive longitudinal resource of genetic, non-genetic, clinical, cognitive and related data, brain imaging,
CSF and emerging blood-based biomarker (BBB) measurements of amyloid-ß (Aß) and tau pathophysiology,
neuronal injury and/or neurodegeneration and inflammation (“A,T,N,I”) and CSF, blood and DNA samples.
GeneMatch will provide an unusually large resource of potentially interested CU APOE-genotyped persons for
enrollment in this project and other studies. It will include persons in the wider 50-90 years age range,
characterize the six most common APOE genotypes, identify understudied APOE2 and APOE4 homozygotes
(HMs), as well as those with rare and potentially protective APOE variants, and support their enrollment in the
longitudinal Arizona APOE Cohort and other studies. We will use these resources to 1) detect and track different
A,T,N,I biomarkers; 2) determine the ages at which they rise, plateau and/or decline for each APOE genotype;
3) characterize the differential impact of APOE2 and APOE4 allelic doses, other suggested genetic and non-
genetic factors, and their interactions with our preclinical A,T,N,I endophenotypes in 50-75 year-old participants;
4) characterize the differential impact of APOE2 and 4 allelic dose, other genetic and non-genetic factors
suggested to be involved in the protection from AD, and their interactions on our preclinical A,T,N,I
endophenotypes in 76-90 year-old APOE4 HMs and heterozygotes (HT) who remained CU despite their genetic
risk; 5) further inform the design and size of novel 12- and 24-month prevention trials using imaging, CSF, and/or
BBB endpoints; and 6) demonstrate the value of promising BBBs (including plasma Aß42/40, p-tau217, and
neurofilament light [NfL]) in these endeavors. We will extensively share 7) annually updated data and biological
samples and 8) motivated research participants with common and rare APOE genotypes, including APOE4 HMs
at particularly high AD risk, understudied APOE2 HMs at particularly low AD risk, older CU APOE4 HMs and
HTs, and those with APOE Christchurch and other potentially protective mutations in APOE's LDLR/HSPG
binding domain; 9) complement our other cohorts in important ways; and 10) provide a foundation for a wide
range of projects (including a planned “Preclinical APOE Consortium”). This project is designed to investigate
the roles of APOE, other genetic and non-genetic factors, and their interactions in the detection, tracking,
predisposition to, protection from, and potential treatment and prevention of AD, support a wide range of
complementary studies, accelerate the evaluation of prevention and future APOE-modifying therapies, and help
our Alzheimer's Prevention Initiative (API) trials find effective AD prevention therapies before 2025.