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Genomic Instability-Induced Senescence in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

Award Number: R01AG068908
ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING
OPDIV: NIH
AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY
AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/30/2020
PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 03/31/2026

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Genomic Instability-Induced Senescence in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease - Project Summary/Abstract The largest risk factor for developing chronic disease, including neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), is age. There is now abundant evidence that aging processes can be driven by DNA damage, which is ubiquitous and a cause of many adverse cell fates, such as apoptosis and cellular senescence. A major pathologic consequence of DNA damage and its erroneous repair is DNA mutation, from base substitutions to very large chromosomal alterations. With the emergence of advanced single-cell technology it has recently been shown that mutations accumulate in neurons during human aging at a frequency that is higher in brains affected by neurodegeneration. This is in keeping with earlier findings using cytogenetic methods indicating increased aneuploidy associated with Alzheimer’s disease. We have recently shown that increased aneuploidy induces cellular senescence, including the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Clearance of senescent cells has shown beneficial effects on various aspects of AD disease progression implicating cellular senescence as an emerging and important cell fate in the biology of age-related neurodegeneration. Recent work suggests that cellular processes involving non-neuronal cells (NeuN-negative cells) significantly contribute to the pathology of AD in both humans and mouse models. Studying normative aging in the mouse we identified a significant accumulation of aneuploidy in NeuN-negative cells isolated from the cerebral cortex, but not from the cerebellum of old mice. In this application we propose to build on our observations to test the hypothesis that NeuN-negative cells in the brain are particularly susceptible to age related accumulation of aneuploidy and large-scale genomic instability promoting senescence. Genomic instability-induced senescent NeuN-negative cells could fail to accomplish their neuronal nursing functions and/or acquire neurotoxic properties and be particularly detrimental for AD progression. To test our hypothesis, in Aim 1 we will establish the genomic landscape of cells from the human cortex and hippocampus during normal aging and AD. Using newly developed, highly sensitive single cell-based assays including multiple displacement amplification (SCMDA) and multicolor interphase DNA-RNA- FISH (iDR-FISH) to measure aneuploidy and senescence in situ we will compare NeuN-negative and NeuN- positive cells from healthy aged donors to age-matched AD patients and young adult controls. This will establish a comprehensive analysis of aneuploidy and/or other forms of genomic instability during human aging in brain regions and cell types associated with AD and AD-type dementias. In Aim 2 using primary cells as well as induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from late-onset AD patients and disease-free controls, we will study the cell non-autonomous effects of aneuploidy-induced senescence on neurons using co-culture models. Two small molecules that promote the death of aneuploid cells, alone or together, will be tested for the potential to kill aneuploidy-induced senescent astrocytes and ameliorate their potential detrimental effects on neurons. Globally, these studies will provide detailed new knowledge of large-scale genomic instability in aged and AD brain and its functional link to senescent cells as a possible causal factor in AD. This will open up new possibilities for novel interventions, e.g., using the new generation of geroscience interventions.


Issue Date FY	Funding FY	Legal Entity Name	Legal Entity Address	Legal Entity City	Legal Entity State	Legal Entity Zip Code	Legal Entity COUNTY	Legal Entity COUNTRY	Assistance Listing	Award Code	Budget Year	Action Date	Action Type	Action Amount

Issue Date FY: 2026 ( Subtotal = -$180,068 )
2026	2025	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	195 LITTLE ALBANY ST	NEW BRUNSWICK	NJ	08901	MIDDLESEX	USA	Aging Research	001	3	10/1/2025	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	-$8,747
2026	2025	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	195 LITTLE ALBANY ST	NEW BRUNSWICK	NJ	08901	MIDDLESEX	USA	Aging Research	000	3	10/1/2025	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	-$171,321
														Subtotal = -$180,068

Issue Date FY: 2025 ( Subtotal = $432,280 )
2025	2025	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	195 LITTLE ALBANY ST	NEW BRUNSWICK	NJ	08901	MIDDLESEX	USA	Aging Research	003	3	9/18/2025	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$0
2025	2025	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	195 LITTLE ALBANY ST	NEW BRUNSWICK	NJ	08901	MIDDLESEX	USA	Aging Research	002	3	6/25/2025	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$432,280
2025	2025	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	195 LITTLE ALBANY ST	NEW BRUNSWICK	NJ	08901	MIDDLESEX	USA	Aging Research	001	3	5/8/2025	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	-$396,992
2025	2025	RUTGERS, THE STATE UNIVERSITY OF NEW JERSEY	195 LITTLE ALBANY ST	NEW BRUNSWICK	NJ	08901	MIDDLESEX	USA	Aging Research	000	3	3/27/2025	EXTENSION WITH OR WITHOUT FUNDS	$396,992
														Subtotal = $432,280

Grand Total All Awards = $252,212

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Genomic Instability-Induced Senescence in Brain Aging and Alzheimer's Disease

Award Number: R01AG068908

ORGANIZATION: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING

OPDIV: NIH

AWARD CLASS: DISCRETIONARY

AWARD ACTIVITY TYPE: SCIENTIFIC/HEALTH RESEARCH (INCLUDES SURVEYS)

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE START DATE: 09/30/2020

PERIOD OF PERFORMANCE END DATE: 03/31/2026

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