FIOTEC - FUNDACAO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTIFICO E TECNOL - In Brazil, the emergence of the AIDS epidemic coincided with public health reformulations, definitions of guidelines, and discussions on Health Reform, originating from the Unified Health System, which provided universal, equitable, and comprehensive access to health services. Thus, the country has been aligned with global recommendations and promoted efforts to develop HIV surveillance, prevention, and control actions since the outbreak of the epidemic. HIV infection in Brazil has affected specific population segments. That is, while the detection rate of the virus in the general population is 0.4%, this rate is 18.4% in gay men and other men who have sex with men; around 31.2% in transsexual women and transvestites; 5.9% in sex workers and around 5% in people who inject drugs. Given the gaps in the Brazilian HIV cascade, this five-year award aims to support: (i) the expanded HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections diagnosis among key and more vulnerable populations; (ii) linkage to care and immediate treatment for all individuals; (iii) the expanded information and dissemination of combined prevention in Brazil; and (iv) the promotion of governance, health system strengthening, strategic information, community leadership, and communication outreach to support project implementation. The strategies aimed at the HIV/AIDS program and their respective activities will be developed in the five municipalities that PEPFAR has already supported: Campo Grande, Curitiba, Florian�polis, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, and other municipalities in the North and Southeast of Brazil that will be included throughout this CoAg. Besides, this proposal aims to support the Brazilian government in responding to other public health emergencies and global health threats. The award will build on twenty years of collaboration between the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and the Foundation for Scientific and Technological Development in Health. Together they will continue the implementation of new and innovative strategies aimed at the prevention, diagnosis, and immediate treatment of HIV/AIDS and other Sexually Transmitted Infections, focusing on key and most vulnerable populations. This CoAg will also continue supporting services in screening and treating tuberculosis and other opportunistic infections for clients living with HIV and pursuing the active search for users who are interrupting or stopping treatment. Expected outcomes among the key and most vulnerable populations served in the target areas include increased PrEP and PEP uptake among high-risk populations; improved case-finding and active linkage of key and most vulnerable populations; improved detection of STI among key populations; improved early detection of active tuberculosis cases, referral to treatment, and timely access to HIV testing services; improved early detection and treatment of opportunistic infections among PLHIV; increased access to care in primary care services by eligible PLHIV; improved engagement of transgender population within health services; improved HIV retention services and treatment adherence; increased screening, case-detection, and treatment of active tuberculosis among PLHIV; increased access to HIV services by migrant populations and people in prisons; decreased stigma and discrimination against key populations