PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT:
Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by low or absent
expression of the estrogen receptor and the HER2 growth factor receptor. TNBC has high rates of metastasis
and an overall poor prognosis in large part due to a lack of targeted therapeutics for treating both localized and
disseminated disease.
The Eyes absent (Eya) family of proteins are transcriptional cofactors that possess both intrinsic
tyrosine phosphatase and associated serine/threonine phosphatase activity, and this family of proteins has
been shown to play important roles in normal development in mice and humans. In addition to their
developmental roles, Eya proteins have also been implicated in promoting nearly all known hallmarks of
cancer. Recent published work from the laboratory of my mentor, Dr. Heide Ford, demonstrated that Eya3
plays an important role in suppressing CD8+ T-cell function within TNBC tumors by downregulating expression
of PD-L1, primarily through its threonine phosphatase activity, and preliminary data suggests that it may also
play a role in regulating the expression of various cytokines/chemokines in this context. Activation of innate
immune signaling cascades in tumor cells, such as NF-kB, and downstream cytokine/chemokine signaling, has
been shown to promote tumor progression, immune evasion, and distant metastasis in a variety of tumor
types, including breast cancer. In preliminary experiments, we observed that shRNA-mediated Eya3
knockdown (KD) in murine TNBC cells reduced expression of multiple cytokines and chemokines and reduced
NF-kB activation in vitro, suggesting a strong regulatory role of Eya3 in these signaling cascades. Additionally,
in vivo experiments suggest that Eya3 KD in murine TNBC cells greatly reduces primary tumor growth and
spontaneous metastasis in immune-competent mouse models, and this change correlates with significant
alterations in innate immune populations within the Eya3 KD tumors compared to their control counterparts.
With these preliminary findings in mind, we hypothesize that Eya3 expression regulates an innate
immune signaling axis in TNBC cells which alters chemokine/cytokine signaling in the tumor
microenvironment and facilitates enhanced primary tumor growth and metastasis. Our aims are as
follows: 1. To determine the contribution of Eya3-mediated induction of innate immune signaling in TNBC cells
to tumor-initiated immune suppression, tumor growth, and metastasis and 2. To identify the mechanism of
action by which Eya3 regulates innate immune signaling pathways in TNBC. These studies present an
opportunity not only to investigate the important biology governing tumor cell crosstalk and mechanisms of
immune subversion, but additionally will identify potential novel therapeutic targets for prevention or treatment
of disseminated TNBC.